正电子发射计算机断层显像/核磁共振：分子影像学技术新进展**★

摘要

背景：正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)从分子水平反映细胞代谢和功能变化，MRI 有更高的软组织对比度和空间分辨率，且无电磁辐射。近年来，随着多模式成像技术飞速发展，作为刚刚应用于临床的多模式分子成像技术，PET/MRI 融合显像可提供分子、形态与功能信息，有关研究已成为分子影像领域的关注焦点。目的：就目前 PET/MRI 研制存在的问题和进展情况做一综述，并展望其潜在的临床和科研价值。方法：由第一作者应用计算机检索 CNKI 数据库、Springerlink 数据库、Pubmed 数据库相关文献。检索时间范围：2000年1月至2012年6月。英文检索词：“PET/MRI”和“multimodality imaging or image fusion”，中文检索词：“分子影像学”和“图像融合”。选择内容与 PET/MRI 多模式成像相关的文章，同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章，共纳入53篇文献。结果与结论：已有的研究成果表明，PET/MRI 较传统显像手段和其他成功的多模式成像技术，如PET/CT 和 SPECT/CT 有更多、更新的应用优势，并已积累临床前和初步临床应用的经验，PET/MRI具有广阔的发展空间，有望将分子影像技术的发展带入一个新的时代，为临床诊断掀开新的篇章。%BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography can reflect the cel metabolism and functional changes of cells at the molecular level. Magnetic resonance imaging can obtain images with higher soft-tissue contrast and better spatial resolution without ionizing radiation. With the fast development of multimodality molecular imaging techniques, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging as a multimodality molecular imaging technique can provide the molecular, morphological and functional information, so its clinical application is an anticipating focus of medical molecular imaging.OBJECTIVE: To overview the progress and problems meet in the development of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and to get a clear prospect of its potential clinical and scientific application. METHODS: The CNKI database, SpringerLink database and PubMed database were searched by the first author for the related articles from January 2000 to June 2012. The English key words were “PET/MRI” and“multimodality molecular imaging or image fusion”, and the Chinese key words were “molecular imaging” and“image fusion”. The articles related to positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging multimodality molecular imaging technique were selected, and for the articles in the same field, those published recently or in the authorized journals were selected. A total of 53 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the existing research results, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging have more advantages over traditional and other multimodality imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, as demonstrated by the pre-clinical studies and preliminary clinical experiences, and have broader development space. So it has capacity to bring the development of molecular imaging technique and clinical diagnosis into a new area.