背景：传统修复单椎体胸腰椎骨折常采用跨伤椎4钉固定，由于存在“平行四边形效应”及“悬挂效应”，容易发生内固定失败，复位高度及矫正角度丢失等并发症，而经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定，可避免或减少上述并发症发生。目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复单椎体胸腰椎骨折的可行性。方法：回顾性分析兰州大学第一医院骨科2013年1月至2014年6月收治的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者23例，损伤节段为T11-L2，平均年龄47.8岁，所有患者均在受伤后10 d内接受后路伤椎椎弓根螺钉和相邻上下椎椎弓根螺钉6枚螺钉内固定治疗，观察修复效果，包括术后短期并发症、椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角，以及脊髓神经功能损伤恢复情况。结果与结论：23例患者随访4-15个月，所有病例治疗后短期内(4-15个月)均未出现严重并发症，末次随访未出现钉棒断裂及内固定松动等情况。治疗后及末次随访所测得椎体前缘高度比值及后凸 Cobb 角均较治疗前明显改善，差异有显著性意义(P <0.05)，两项指标末次随访与治疗后相比稍有反弹，但差异无显著性意义(P >0.05)。末次随访时大部分患者脊髓神经功能有所恢复。提示经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复单节段胸腰椎骨折，能够有效恢复伤椎高度及矫正后凸畸形，并能保持矫正效果，钉棒断裂发生率低，优势明显。%BACKGROUND:Traditionaly repairing single vertebral thoracolumbar fracture often uses of cross-vertebral 4 screw fixation. Because of “paralelogram effect” and the “suspension effect”, it is prone to have internal fixation failure, reset height and correction angle loss, and other complications. However, these complications can be avoided or reduced by fractured vertebra pedicle screw fixation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility evaluation of pedicle screw fixation for repairing thoracolumbar fracturevia fractured vertebrae. METHODS:A total of 23 patients with single segment thoracolumbar fractures treated at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between January 2013 and June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The fractured segments were between T11 to L2, the patient’s average age was 47.8 years old. Al the patients received the posterior pedicle screws and adjacent and up and down six pedicle screw internal fixation within 10 days after injury. The repair effect was observed, including short-term postoperative complications, vertebral height ratio, Cobb angle and the recovery of spinal neurological function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Twenty-three cases were folowed up for 4 to 15 months. Al patients had no severe complications in the short term (4 to 15 months) after treatment. There was no screw rod breakage or internal fixation loosening at the last folow-up. The vertebral height ratios and Cobb angle which were measured in postoperative and final folow-up were significantly improved compared with the preoperative data (P < 0.05). The two indicators had a slight rebound in the last folow-up compared with that after treatment, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). The spinal neurological functions of most patients were partialy recovered at the last folow-up. These results suggest that pedicle screw embedding fixation repairing thoracolumbar fractureviafractured vertebrae can effectively restore vertebral height and correct kyphosis, and maintain correction effect. The advantages are obvious with a low occurrence rate of pedicle screw fracture.
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