神经导管支架修复外周神经损伤的研究与现状

摘要

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the rapid development of medical and tissue engineering has provided more choices for making nerve conduit preparation. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: The first author retrieved the CNKI and PubMed databases to search relevant articles published from 2010 to 2016. The key words were "nerve conduit, peripheral nerve" in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nerve conduit materials are mainly classified into biotype and non-biotype. Biotype materials mainly include muscle, amniotic membrane, vein and small intestinal submucosal layer. The non-biotype materials include chitosan, collagen, silk fibroin, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyaniline and silicone tubes. Some materials currently have been approved to enter the clinical stage. There are more or less problems in the clinical application of nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. For example, the length of a defect that can be repaired is limited; the mechanical properties and mechanical properties are not exactly matched with nerve regeneration; the degradation rate is inconsistent with the rate of nerve regeneration; and poor biocompatibility exists.%背景:近些年来,医学和组织工程学突飞猛进的发展为制作神经导管材料提供了更多选择.目的:综述神经导管在外周神经损伤中的应用.方法:由第一作者检索2010至2016年中国知网数据库和PubMed数据库,中文检索词为"神经导管,外周神经",英文检索词为"nerve conduit,peripheral nerve".结果与结论:制作神经导管的材料,主要分生物型和非生物型2大类,其中生物型主要包括肌肉、羊膜、静脉、小肠黏膜下层等;非生物型材料包括壳聚糖、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚苯胺及硅胶管等.目前,部分材料已被批准进入临床阶段.神经导管在修复周围神经损伤的应用中还存在或多或少的问题,比如,修复缺损的长度受限,力学性能和机械性能与神经再生不完全匹配,降解速度与神经再生速度不一致,神经导管的生物相容性欠佳等.