运动后氧化应激水平及合理补充抗氧化剂的科学评价方法

摘要

背景:人体在大强度运动过程中,体内自由基大量产生和蓄积是导致运动性疲劳和运动损伤的重要因素,而外源性抗氧化剂的摄入可以增强机体的运动和抗氧化能力.目前针对运动过程中及运动后抗氧化剂的合理补充方式尚缺乏有效的指导和研究.目的:对运动氧化应激水平及合理补充抗氧化剂效果的评定方法进行分析和探讨.方法:检索ScienceDirect数据库相关文献,关键词为“运动;氧化应激损伤;抗氧化剂;线粒体”,对纳入的有关国内外运动性氧化应激损伤及抗氧化剂补充干预的文献进行整理分析.结果与结论:运动训练可以使机体抗氧化应激能力增强,同时潜在的氧化损伤风险也会随之积累.合理的抗氧化剂补充对于提高体内抗氧化能力,延缓氧化应激反应及其所导致氧化系统及抗氧化系统的失衡引起机体的细胞结构和功能损伤具有显著作用.而抗氧化剂补充的方式、总量以及补充的时间节点是影响大强度运动后氧化应激损伤和运动能力适应性变化的关键因素.体液中DNA氧化损伤生物标记物8-OHdG等指标变化可作为评价运动氧化应激反应及运动适应性恢复状态和抗氧化剂补充作用的重要参考指标.%BACKGROUND:The accumulation of free radicals after high-intensity exercise is an important factor for exercise induced fatigue and injuries,while the intake of exogenous antioxidants can improve the body function and antioxidant ability.There is still a lack of effective guidance and research on the reasonable supplement of antioxidants during and after exercise.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the scientific methods for assessing post-exercise oxidative stress and the effectiveness of antioxidant supplement during exercise.METHODS:The ScienceDirect database was retrieved for relevant articles using the keywords of "sports,oxidative stress,antioxidants,mitochondria".The included literatures addressing post-exercise oxidative stress injury and the antioxidant supplement were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exercise can enhance the antioxidant capacity,while a potential risk of oxidative damage will be increased gradually.Reasonable antioxidant supplementation plays an important role in improving the antioxidant ability,delaying the oxidative stress,and relieving damage to cellular structures and functions due to the imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system.Supplementary pattern,total amount and timing are the key factors for treatment of oxidative stress damage as well as the adaptive changes of exercise capacity after high-intensity exercise.The variations of biomarkers such as 8-OHdG in human body fluid can be used as an important reference index for evaluating post-exercise oxidative stress,exercise adaptive recovery state and antioxidant supplementation.