生物陶瓷在骨组织工程中的应用进展

摘要

背景:生物陶瓷与正常人体骨组织组成相似,具有良好的骨诱导骨传导活性及生物相容性,因此被认为是骨组织工程最有运用前景的材料之一.目的:总结生物陶瓷材料的各种性能、实验研究及临床应用进展.方法:以“bioceramics,hydroxylapatite,calcium phosphate,bioglass,bone tissue engineering”为检索词,应用计算机检索PubMed数据库2000至2016年的相关文献.结果与结论:生物陶瓷材料可分为钙磷灰石类和生物活性玻璃两大类,钙磷灰石类材料具有良好的生物相容性和骨诱导活性,但机械强度较差;生物活性玻璃材料也具有良好的生物相容性且有助于部分成骨基因的表达,但脆性较大、强度不足.部分生物陶瓷材料作为支架主体已在临床上应用,近年来,钙磷灰石类材料也用作骨组织工程支架涂层材料改善支架各项性能.将生物陶瓷材料与高分子材料复合,可提高生物陶瓷材料的强度,改善其降解活性,但其作为骨组织修复材料被广泛用于临床仍面临许多问题与挑战.%BACKGROUND:Bioceramic has similar components compared to human bone tissue and it has shown good ostoconductivity both in vitro and in vivo.Meanwhile,it is biocompatible.So,bioceramics is considered as one of the most promising materials which can be applied to bone tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the properties of bioceramics and the research progress in experimental studies and clinical applications.METHODS:PubMed was searched for relevant articles published during 2000 to 2016 with the key words of "bioceramics,hydroxylapatite,calcium phosphate,bioglass,bone tissue engineering" in English.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bioceramic materials can be divided into two categories:calcium phosphates and bioactive glass.Calcium phosphates have good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity,while the mechanical property is not so satisfying.Bioactive glass is biocompatible and beneficial to the expression of some osteogenic genes,but it is brittle and weak.Some kinds of bioceramics have already been applied to clinical practice.In recent years,calcium phosphates have also been used as coated materials to improve the properties of tissue-engineered scaffolds.Bioceramics combined with synthetic polymers,shows better mechanical performance and biodegradation.Even so,it still has plenty of problems and challenges as a widely used bone repair material in clinical practice.