蚕丝丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架在骨科再生医学中的作用与特点

摘要

背景:蚕丝蛋白/壳聚糖支架具有良好的生物相容性、良好的骨诱导性及良好的降解性等多种特性.目的:综述蚕丝蛋白/壳聚糖支架的结构和性能及其在骨、软骨及软组织工程再生中的应用.方法:以"壳聚糖,丝素蛋白,骨组织工程;chitosan,silk protein,bone tissue engineering"为关键词,应用计算机检索PubMed数据库、万方数据库、CNKI数据库1998至2016年的文献,选择与壳聚糖/蚕丝蛋白支架结构、性能及在骨科领域中应用的文献.结果与结论:蚕丝丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架兼顾丝素蛋白与壳聚糖的优点,具有良好的生物相容性,能够保证细胞在支架上良好生长,在骨组织工程中应用广泛,不仅对骨缺损修复有很大的帮助,而且在软骨损伤治疗方面也有突出的表现.同时蚕丝丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架也常被用于软组织工程,对创口愈合、脊髓神经损伤及其他软组织损伤治疗起到重要作用.但由于各方面的原因,目前蚕丝丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架在临床上使用仍然较少,这将是未来努力的主要方向;基于蚕丝蛋白能用于制备十字韧带和构建工程化髓核,未来丝丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架可在肌腱韧带损伤、椎间盘组织工程方面进一步研究.%BACKGROUND: A silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity and degradability.OBJECTIVE: To review the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in bone,cartilage and soft tissue engineering regeneration.METHODS: PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in orthopedics published from 1998 to 2016. The keywords were "chitosan, silk protein, bone tissue engineering" in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold is characterized by good biocompatibility, bone inductivity and biodegradability that make cells grow well on the scaffold. The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has been widely used in bone tissue engineering, and has a prominent performance in bone defect repair and cartilage injury treatment. Meanwhile, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold exerts a crucial role in wound healing as well as in the treatment of spinal nerve injury and other soft tissue injuries. However, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold currently is less reported in the clinical use due to various reasons, and it will be the main research direction of future efforts. As is known to us, silk protein can be used to prepare the cruciate ligament and construct tissue-engineered nuclei; therefore, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold can be developed in the treatment of tendon ligament injury and intervertebral disc tissue engineering.