随着先秦封建宗法的衰败，秦汉帝国建立了皇帝制度。与之相随的，是西汉外戚势力的极大发展。从这一现象出发，本文试图探寻出一条理解中国传统政治中“家国关系”的新思路。基于对“恩泽侯表”、“百官公卿表”等史料中外戚受爵人数及方式，外戚为官者人数等的统计分析，并结合具体历史文献，本文认为，西汉外戚通过“以亲受爵”的方式广泛地占有社会身份等级中的上层地位，并占有三公九卿、“大司马＊＊＊将军”等官职中相对大的比重，影响着整个西汉政治的发展。这种现象的产生，一方面同西汉分封同姓诸侯国所造成的中央势弱的“形势”有关，另一方面根源于以“亲亲”与“义”为根基的家族伦理，后者维系着姻亲家族间的支持，从而为西汉帝室与外戚之间联系的形成，奠定了基础。由此，我们可以一窥西汉政治中“家”与“国”的同构性。%With the decline of the feudal patriarchal system in the pre-Qin Dynasty, Qin and Han Empires established the emperor system. This was accompanied with the great development of royal relatives in the Western Han Dynasty. From this phenomenon, this article attempts to get a new way to understand ＂the relations of home and country＂ in traditional Chinese politics. Based on the statistical analyses of the number of royal relatives who were awarded with official positions and the awarding channels in the ＂Tables of Enze Hou＂ and ＂Tables of One Hundred of Officials,＂ and the relevant historical documents, the author has concluded that royal relatives in the Western Han Dynasty obtained extensive upper positions in the social hierarchy by the method of ＂Being Marquis as Relatives＂（ 以亲爱爵）. They were the major constituent in the sectors of ＂three councillors and nine ministers＂ （三公九卿） and ＂generals/commanders-in-chief＂ （ 大司马将军）, having affected the entire political development of the Western Han Dynasty. This phenomenon was related to the weak ＂situation＂ as a result of subinfeudating vassals with the same surname. The second reason was rooted in the family ethics that had ＂kinship＂ and ＂righteousness＂ as its foundation , which was the pillar for the marriage-based familial connected support, and, laid down the groundwork for the formation of the Western Han imperial family and its relatives. In this sense, we can glimpse into the isomorphism of ＂home＂ and ＂state＂ in the Western Han politics.
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