珠海市学龄前儿童睡眠障碍发生现况及其影响因素分析

摘要

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and related factors among children in pre-schools in ZhuHai.Methods Cluster sampling method was applied to select 1 21 5 children aged 3~6 years from 8 kindergartens in ZhuHai.Parents of the children were surveyed with a questionnaire.Results Totally,1 140 effec-tive questionnaires were taken back,including 618 boys’and 522 girls’.The average sleep time per day in each age group from 3 to 6 years was 12.1 hours,1 1.8 hours and 1 1.4 hours,respectively.There was significant difference among different groups (F =13.1 74,P <0.05).The prevalence rate of sleep disorder was 43.2%.Among them, the prevalence rate of hyperhidrosis,bruxism,breathing by mouth,snoring,sleep talking,sleeping too much dur-ing the day and awake at night,enuresis were 25%,9.5%,7.1%,5.5%,4.0%,4.0% and 2.4%,respectively. By multivariate logistic regression analysis,we found that the main risks of children who suffered from sleeping dis-orders were preterm delivery,asthma,education attitude,important-life events,going to kindergarten and so on. Conclusions At present,the prevalence rate of sleep disorders of children in preschools in ZhuHai was high,which effect the children’s growth and development.More attention should be paid on it from society,parents and child care workers at all levels.%目的：了解珠海市学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的发生情况及其相关影响因素,为防治儿童睡眠障碍提供理论依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,抽取珠海市8家幼儿园的3~6岁儿童,共1215名作为调查对象,问卷调查儿童抚养人。结果收回有效问卷1140份,其中男童618人,女童522人；3~6岁各年龄组儿童的平均每日睡眠时间分别为12.1 h、11.8 h、11.4 h,差异有统计学意义(F =13.174,P <0.05)。儿童睡眠障碍症状发生率为43.2%,其中不同症状的发生率分别为：多汗25.0%、磨牙9.5%、用口呼吸7.1%、打鼾5.5%、梦话4.0%、白天睡眠多夜间清醒4.0%、遗尿2.4%等。多因素分析发现,儿童睡眠障碍的主要危险因素有早产、儿童哮喘病史、家长教育态度、近期家中发生重大事件、新进幼儿园等。结论目前珠海市学龄前儿童睡眠障碍发生率较高,它对儿童的健康成长造成一定的损害,应引起社会、家庭及各级儿童保健工作者的重视。