双季晚粳稻不同栽培方式生产力及其群体质量差异研究

摘要

A high population quality is necessary to achieve high grain yield in rice,but little information is available about how different cultivation methods affect population quality and grain yield of late japonica rice.Zhendao 1 1 (japonica conventional rice cultivar)and Yongyou 8 (japonica hybrid rice cultivar)were grown in the field of double-cropping rice area (Shanggao county,Jiangxi Province),under five cultivation methods including artificial transplanting with middle and strong seedlings in dry nursery (AT),two-hole ordered transplanting (OT),single-hole ordered broadcasting (OB)and cast transplanting (CT),with mechanical transplanting (MT)as CK.The results showed that, the average yield of the two cultivars under AT ranked first,followed by OT,OB,CT and MT.Compared with grain yield under MT,the grain yield of Zhendao 1 1 and Yongyou 8 under AT,OT,OB and CT were higher by 1 7.1 % and 1 6.8%,12.7% and 1 1 .7%,5 .9% and 5 .4%,3.6% and 1 .8% ,respectively.And percentage of productive tillers (>65 %),biomass in whole growth duration and from heading to maturity,efficient and high efficient leaf area,crop growth rate (CGR)and net assimilation rate (NAR)of rice in middle and late growing stage,grain-leaf ratio,leaf photosynthetic rate,root-shoot ratio,root bleeding sap and its ratio to spikelets (spikelet number,filled grain number, grain yield)also increased significantly,rice stems has stronger lodging resistance.Based on the results,we discussed the regulation approaches and the suitable cultivation methods for raising productivity and population in double-cropping late japonica rice.%以镇稻11(常规粳稻)、甬优8号(杂交粳稻)为材料，在江西上高县设置旱育中大苗手栽、2连孔塑盘旱育秧摆栽、单孔塑盘旱育秧有序点抛及传统撒抛、毯状小苗机插五种方式，研究不同栽培方式对双季晚粳稻生产力及群体质量的影响，初步提出双季晚粳稻的适宜栽培方式.结果表明，不同栽培方式稻谷产量表现为手栽＞摆栽＞点抛＞撒抛＞机插.与机插方式相比，镇稻11和甬优8号手栽、2连孔摆栽、单孔点抛及撒抛方式产量分别增加17．1％和16．8％、12．7％和11．7％、5．9％和5．4％、3．6％和1．8％.手栽、2连孔摆栽、单孔点抛及撒抛方式群体茎蘖最终成穗率较高(均大于65％)，显著增加了不同生育时期的群体物质积累量、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量以及有效叶面积和高效叶面积比率、中后期群体生长速率、净同化率；提高了水稻粒叶比，改善了源库关系，提高了根冠比、根系伤流量和颖花根流量；茎秆粗壮抗倒伏.根据上述结果，探讨了双季晚粳稻配套栽培方式的科学选用.