不同栽培方式对双季晚粳稻产量及温光利用的影响

摘要

[目的]研究南方双季稻区晚稻季条件下,不同栽培方式对不同类型晚粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响,为适宜栽培方式及相匹配粳稻品种类型规划提供科学依据.[方法]以迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳和迟熟晚粳4种不同生育类型品种为试验材料,采用手栽、抛秧、机插3种栽培方式,系统比较不同栽培方式对不同品种类型晚粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响.[结果]不同类型品种晚粳稻产量均表现手栽＞抛秧＞机插的趋势,不同栽培方式间产量差异达到显著或极显著水平.与手栽比较,两年抛秧方式减产率为6.05％-25.70％,机插方式减产率为9.94％-39.04％;手栽方式产量最高的原因是其总颖花量、结实率和千粒重均较高.抛秧和机插的各生育期均相应推迟,且两者全生育期亦缩短,其中抛秧方式全生育期平均缩短4.9d,机插平均缩短10.3d;不同类型品种间,晚粳稻全生育期缩短幅度较中粳稻大；同一熟期类型品种,杂交稻全生育期较常规稻缩短天数多.各类型品种全生育期及其不同生育阶段积温和光照时数及其利用率均表现出手栽＞抛秧＞机插的趋势,其中机插方式全生育期温光利用率较少,分别为85.66％和80.75％,[结论]根据上述研究结果,对不同栽培方式适宜性及配套适宜品种类型进行了初步归划,认为手栽、抛秧、机插均适宜在该区采用,不同栽培方式应配套适宜粳稻品种类型.%[Objective] Under the conditions of late rice of southern double cropping systems,five different cultivar types of japonica were used to investigate the effects of cultivation methods on yield,growth period and utilization of temperature and light.[Method] In Shanggao of Jiangxi province,four types of experimental materials including late-maturing medium japonica rice,early-maturing late japonica rice,medium-maturing late japonica rice and late-maturing late japonica rice as well as three cultivation methods including hand transplanting (HT),cast transplanting(CT) and mechanical transplanting (MT) were used to comparatively study the effect of different cultivation methods on the yield,growth period and utilization of temperature and light.[Result] The yields of different types of late japonica rice all demonstrated that HT＞CT＞MT,and different significant or very significant levels were reached between the yields of different cultivation methods.Compared with the HT,the yields were reduced by 6.05％-25.70％and 9.94％-39.04％ under CT and MT,respectively.These differences resulted from the total spikelet,seed setting rate and grain weight under HT were higher than under CT and MT.Compared with the HT,the growth periods of CT and MT were delayed,and their total growth periods were significantly shortened by 4.9 and 10.3 days.For different types of varieties,the shortened day of late japonica was more than that of medium japonica.For the same mature period types,the shortened day of japonica hybrid rice was more than that of japonica conventional rice.The utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature and light time of various types of varieties at different developmental stages showed that HT＞CT＞MT,and the whole growth period trended similarly.The utilization efficiency of temperature and light in the whole growth period under MT was only 85.66％ and 80.75％.[Conclusion] On the basis of the above results,a preliminary planning for the suitable range and its supporting suitable variety types of different cultivation methods was made.HT,CT and MT were all suitable in this area,but each cultivation method had its suitable variety types.