不同穗型杂交籼稻物质积累、氮素吸收利用和产量的差异比较

摘要

Grain yield,assimilation products accumulation and transportation,and nitrogen (N)uptake and utilization of 18 hybrid indica rice combinations were measured under two nitrogen levels (0 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2 ),then the 18 rice combinations were classified by cluster analysis according panicle weight and the differences in above indexes among various panicle types were compared.The results showed that the 18 rice combinations were classified into 4 types:large panicle type (A type),medium to large type (B type),medium to small type (C type)and small type (D type).N fertilizer application increased panicle weight,and the clustering results remained unchanged regardless of nitrogen application level.Grain yield of the four panicle types imporved with increasing panicle weight,and the large panicle type rice got the highest yield under both two N levels owing to its superiority in total dry matter accumulation (TDA),higher proportion of dry matter accumulation after anthesis (DAAA)under zero nitrogen level and more equitable accumulation of dry matter under N-sufficient level.Export of stem-sheaths (ESS)showed close relationships with both panicle types and N levels,and N fertilizer application could increase ESS of A and B types effectively.There were significant differences in N uptake and utilization among the 4 panicle types.Total nitrogen accumulation (TNA) of A and B types were significantly higher under both N levels.With the largest nitrogen uptake,B type rice showed weaker N utilization ability compared with A type.Due to equitable nitrogen accumulation before and after anthesis, powerful nitrogen translocation (VTN)ability of vegetative organs and rational assimilation product distribution to panicle the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE)and nitrogen grain production efficiency (NGPE)of A type rice were outstanding.%以18个杂交籼稻组合为材料,在2种氮肥条件下测定了其产量、干物质及氮素积累指标,并按单穗重量对18个组合进行聚类分析,研究了不同穗型水稻产量、干物质积累与转运及氮素吸收利用的差异。结果显示,18个组合可分为大穗型(A 类)、中等偏大穗型(B 类)、中等偏小穗型(C 类)和小穗型(D 类)四类。施氮使单穗重增加,但2种氮肥条件下各组合的从属类别保持不变。随着穗型变大,水稻产量逐渐增加,两种氮肥水平下大穗型组合产量均最高。大穗型组合物质积累总量上优势明显。亏氮条件下花后干物质积累比例较高,丰氮条件下花前花后干物质积累均衡。茎鞘物质转运与水稻穗型和氮肥条件均有关,施氮可以有效促进 A、B 类水稻茎鞘物质输出。两种氮肥条件下偏大穗型(A、B 类)水稻较偏小穗型(C、D类)水稻在 N 积累总量上优势更大,B 类组合总吸氮量最大,但其 N 素利用能力较差；A 类组合花前花后 N 素积累比例适宜,花后营养器官 N 素输出能力强,因而 N 素干物质生产效率及产谷效率均最高。