孕期和哺乳期暴露PM2.5对子代小鼠生长发育的影响及维生素C和槲皮素的干预研究

摘要

目的 研究孕期和哺乳期暴露PM2.5对子代小鼠生长发育的影响,探索维生素C及槲皮素是否具有改善孕期和哺乳期暴露PM2.5对子代小鼠生长发育影响的能力. 方法 收集2016年非采暖期北京市某地区PM2.5样品,以无菌PBS配制不同浓度的PM2.5溶液.将健康ICR孕鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组、PM2.5低、中、高剂量组,VC干预组和槲皮素干预组.各组母代小鼠于孕期及哺乳期共进行8次气管滴注,PM2.5低、中、高剂量组分别给予3.75、7.5、15 mg/kg PM2.5溶液,VC和槲皮素干预组给予15 mg/kg PM2.5溶液,空白对照组给予干净滤膜洗脱液;各组母代小鼠于孕期和哺乳期每天灌胃,VC及槲皮素干预组分别予以100 mg/kg的VC或槲皮素溶液,其他各组予以溶剂.观察记录母鼠和仔鼠整个实验周期内体重、进食量,和子代小鼠生长发育、神经发育指标达标的时间. 结果 子代小鼠PM2.5高剂量组PND14的体重均明显低于空白对照组(P＜0.05);予代雄性小鼠PM2.5剂量组门齿萌出(下)、睾丸下降、平面翻正、负向地性、悬崖回避达标时间明显比空白对照组迟缓(P＜0.05),VC、槲皮素干预组平面翻正、悬崖回避达标时间比PM2.5高剂量组明显改善(P＜0.05),槲皮素干预组门齿萌出(下)达标时间明显改善(P＜0.05);子代雌性小鼠PM2.5剂量组门齿萌出(上、下)、负向地性、悬崖回避、空中翻正达标时间明显比空白对照组迟缓(P＜0.05),VC、槲皮素干预组悬崖回避、空中翻正达标时间比PM2.5高剂量组明显改善(P＜0.05). 结论 孕期和哺乳期一定剂量PM2.5暴露影响子代小鼠早期生理及神经反射的发育,VC和槲皮素干预可在一定程度上改善此不良影响.%Objective [ABSTRACT] Objective:To study the effects of PM2.5 exposure on the growth and development of offspring mice during pregnancy and lactation,and to investigate whether VC and quercetin can improve the growth and development of mice exposed to PM2.5 during pregnancy and lactation.Methods PM2.5 samples were collected from an area in Beijing during the non-heating period in 2016,and different concentrations of PM2.5 solutions were prepared by sterile PBS.Healthy ICR pregnant mice were divided into 6 groups randomly:the control group,the PM2.5 low,medium and high dose group,the VC intervention group,and the quercetin intervention group.Mother mice in each group were given solutions for 8 times by intratracheal instillation during pregnancy and lactation;PM2.5 low,medium and high dose groups were given 3.75,7.5,15 mg/kg PM2.5 solution respectively,VC and quercetin intervention group were given 15 mg/kg PM2.5 solution,and the control group was given a clean filter elution liquid.Mother mice were administrated by intragastric administration everyday;VC and quercetin intervention group were treated with 100 mg/kg VC or quercetin respectively,and the other groups were treated with solvent.The changes of body weight,food intake of all animals,and growth and neural-developmental indexes of all spring were observed in the whole experimental period.Results The weight of offspring in PND14 in the PM2.5 high dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01).Offspring in the PM2.5 groups had more developmental problems than animals in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01) and offspring in the intervention groups had less developmental problems than animals in the PM2.5 high dose group (P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Certain doses of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy and lactation affect the development of early physiology and nerve reflex in offspring mice,and the intervention of VC and quercetin can improve the adverse effects to some extent.