电离辐射导致神经发生障碍的分子机制研究现状

摘要

With the development of modern radiotherapy techniques,radiotherapy has been widely used in the multimodality therapy for various malignant tumors,including head and neck cancers such as nasopharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer.A combination of surgery and radiochemotherapy significantly improves patients' cure rate and survival time;however,with the increase in survival time,some patients receiving radiotherapy develop marked cognitive impairment.Ionizing radiation-induced cognitive impairment mainly nanifests as hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment,which is associated with inhibited hippocampal neurogenesis due to ionizing radiation.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms of the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis by ionizing radiation.This article reviews the molecular mechanism of neurogenesis disorders induced by ionizing radiation.%随着放疗技术的发展,放疗已广泛用于多种恶性肿瘤的综合治疗,其中包括各种头颈部恶性肿瘤,如鼻咽癌、喉癌等等.手术、放化疗等多种方式的联合显著提高了治愈率,延长了肿瘤患者的生存期.然而随着放疗患者生存期的延长,部分患者出现了明显的认知障碍.电离辐射引起的认知障碍主要表现为海马依赖性认知功能下降,目前多认为与电离辐射抑制海马区神经发生有关,因此有必要深入了解电离辐射抑制神经发生的相关机制.本文对近年来有关电离辐射作用于神经发生的相关分子机制进行综述.