马斯洛需要层次论的应用对精神疾病患者心理及治疗依从性的影响

摘要

Objective To explore the application influence of Maslow's theory of hierarchy of demands on the psychological and therapeutic compliance of patients with psychosis. Methods Totally 100 patients with mental disorders who met the requirements of this study were selected from January 2016 to December 2016 in 984 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. They were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the number table method, 50 cases in each group. The control group adopted the routine nursing mode, while the experimental group followed the intervention mode guided by Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, and implemented the corresponding nursing and health education. Concise Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess the severity of psychiatric symptoms, Self-knowledge and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) was used to assess patients' compliance with treatment, and Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) was used to assess patients'quality of life. Results After intervention, the symptoms of anxiety, depression, lack of vitality, thinking disorder, activation, hostile suspicion score, and BPRS scores of the control group were (5.84 ± 3.51), (6.24±3.05), (6.49±2.35), (3.72±1.42), (4.34±1.81), (26.14±6.21) points. After the intervention of the study group, they were (3.78±2.07), (4.11±2.28), (5.15±2.36), (3.02±1.23), (3.58±1.07), (23.08±5.95) points. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=2.516-2.845, P<0.05 or 0.01). After the ITAQ score intervention, the control group and the study group were (10.85 ± 3.41) and (12.34 ± 3.89) points. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-2.037, P<0.05). After the intervention, the quality of life of the control group was compared with psychosocial, motivation/energy, symptom/adverse reaction score, and total score of SQLS (25.34±7.16), (18.69±9.09), (10.54 ± 1.31), (24.00 ± 10.31) points. The study group were (19.06 ± 4.26), (14.75 ± 8.89), (9.56 ± 1.06), (19.36 ± 9.11) points, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=2.191-5.330, P<0.05). Conclusion Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory can significantly improve mental symptoms, improve treatment compliance and quality of life in psychiatric patients, and is worthy of clinical application.%目的 探讨马斯洛需要层次论的应用对精神疾病患者心理及治疗依从性的影响.方法 选择2016年1-12月来解放军联勤保障部队第九八四医院治疗的符合本研究要求的100例精神疾病患者,按随机数字表法分成对照组和研究组,每组50例,对照组采取常规护理模式,研究组则遵照以马斯洛需要层次论为指导的干预模式,实施相应的护理和健康教育,使用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定患者精神病性症状严重程度,自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)评定患者对治疗的依从性,精神分裂症患者生命质量量表(SQLS)评定患者的生命质量.结果 干预后对照组精神病性各症状焦虑抑郁、缺乏活力、思维障碍、激活性、敌对猜疑评分、BPRS总分分别为(5.84 ± 3.51)、(6.24 ± 3.05)、(6.49 ± 2.35)、(3.72 ± 1.42)、(4.34 ± 1.81)、(26.14 ± 6.21)分,研究组分别为(3.78 ± 2.07)、(4.11 ± 2.28)、(5.15 ± 2.36)、(3.02 ± 1.23)、(3.58 ± 1.07)、(23.08 ± 5.95)分,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.516～2.845,P＜0.05或0.01).ITAQ评分干预后对照组和研究组分别为(10.85 ± 3.41)、(12.34 ± 3.89)分,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.037,P＜0.05).干预后对照组生命质量中心理社会、动机/精力、症状/不良反应评分、SQLS总分分别为(25.34 ± 7.16)、(18.69 ± 9.09)、(10.54 ± 1.31)、(24.00 ± 10.31)分,研究组分别为(19.06 ± 4.26)、(14.75 ± 8.89)、(9.56 ± 1.06)、(19.36 ± 9.11)分,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.191～5.330,P＜0.05).结论 采用马斯洛需要层次论能明显改善精神疾病患者的精神病症状,提高治疗依从性及生命质量,值得临床推广应用.