提取方式对鸦胆子“质量-毒性”综合评价模式的影响

摘要

Objective Explore the effect of extracting methods on "quality toxicity" comprehensive evaluation model by comparing the content of alkaloid and acute toxicity from Brucea fivanica(L.)Merr. extracted by different methods. Methods GC was used to determine the content of oleic acid in water extract and alcohol extract of Brucea javanka (L.)Merr.; the classical method of acute toxicity was used to determine the acute toxicity of Brucea javanica(L)Merr. at different extraction, and compare the acute toxicity. Results The content of oleic acid which included water extract and ethanol extract was separatelyl.83% ＞ 10.35%. The LD50 of water extract and alcohol extract of Fructus Brucea to ice were 4.023g·kg-1, 3.320g·kg-1. Diarrhea and cyanosis are main acute toxic symptoms. Conclusion The content of oleic acid and acute toxicity of the Fructus Bruce3 by different extracting methods were different, and death occurred in each sample, the LD50 showed that the different extracts which extracted from the Fructus Brucea at different extracting methods had certainly toxicity in mice. The acute toxicity of different extracts on mice is: alcohol extraction group ＞water extraction group, the content of oleic acid in different extracts is: alcohol extraction group ＞water extraction group. Suggesting that it was certain effect of extracting methods on "quality toxicity" comprehensive evaluation model. It was more compreheasive, objective and reasonable to determine extraction methods of toxic Chinese medicine through the comprehensive evaluation model.%目的 对不同提取方式提取的鸦胆子中油酸含量和急性毒性大小进行比较研究,探讨不同提取方式对鸦胆子“含量-毒性”综合评价模式的影响.方法 用GC法测定鸦胆子水提组分、醇提组分中油酸的含量,并进行方法学考察；经典急性毒性实验法,进行鸦胆子不同提取物的急性毒性比较研究.结果 鸦胆子水提物、醇提物中油酸的百分含量分别为1.83％、10.35％;鸦胆子水提物、醇提物的小鼠口服LD50分别为4.023g·kg-1、3.320g·kg-1,腹泻、尾部紫绀是主要的急性毒性症状.结论 提取方式不同,鸦胆子中油酸的含量和毒性各不相同,其LD50显示鸦胆子经不同方式的提取均具有毒性,其提取物对小鼠急性毒性强度为:醇提物组＞水提物组；提取物中油酸的含量依次为:醇提物组＞水提物组.说明提取方式对吴茱萸“质量-毒性”综合评价模式有一定的影响,其毒性大小可能与主要化学成分含量存在一定相关性.因此通过“质量-毒性”综合评价模式确定有毒中药的提取方式,更全面客观合理.