佛山地区老年变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原特点分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in elderly patients in Foshan and the distribution of aeroallergens,in an attempt to put forward effective prevention and control measures.Methods Skin prick tests (SPT) results of 116 elderly patients with AR in our outpatient department from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015 were collected.Characteristics of AR in elderly were analyzed,general distribution of aeroallergens and dynamic change of positive rate of every allergen with time were explored.Results The total positive rate of aeroallergens was 50.86％ (59/116).Dermatophagoides pteronyssinu,Dermatophagoides farina and Tropical mites ranked the first,second and third with positive rate of 44.83％ 、36.21％,25.86％ respectively,and the positive rate of Blattella germanica (21.55％),dog hair (18.10％) and cat hair (14.66％) reduced gradually.The positive rates of aeroallergens in male and female were 48.28％ (28/58) and 53.45％ (31/58) respectively,and the difference was statistically insignificant (x2 =0.310,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the highest in every year of the five years while those of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,Dermatophagoides farina,tropical mites,Blattella germanica,dog hair,cat hair,Japanese hop and fungal group Ⅰ were fluctuant.The changes in the positive rates of tropical mites and Japanese hop were statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion AR in elderly patients is related with age and season,but has no obvious relation with gender.The main aeroallergen tested by SPT in elderly with AR in Foshan is Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.The positive rates of dust mites,tropical mites,Blattella germanica,dog hair,cat hair,Japanese hop and fungal group Ⅰ are fluctuant with time.%目的 分析佛山地区50岁以上老年变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)的流行病学特征和吸入变应原分布特点,为老年AR的诊治提供临床参考.方法 收集2011年1月～2015年12月门诊拟诊为AR的佛山地区1 16例50岁及以上老年患者变应原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)结果,分析疾病的发病特点、变应原的总体分布特征和各变应原阳性率随时间的动态变化.结果 变应原总体阳性率为50.86％ (59/116),屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨阳性率最高,分别是44.83％、36.21％,25.86％,其次为德国小蠊21.55％、狗毛18.10％和猫毛14.66％;男性变应原阳性率为48.28％(28/58),女性变应原阳性率为53.45％(31/58),两者比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.310,P＞0.05).屋尘螨阳性率在5年间为历年最高;屋尘螨、热带螨、粉尘螨、德国小蠊、狗毛、猫毛、葎草及霉菌Ⅰ在5年间的阳性率均呈波动性改变,其中热带螨、律草阳性率的改变具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年AR发病与年龄、季节存在一定的关系,与性别无明显关系;尘螨是佛山地区老年AR最常见的吸入性变应原,但无整体人群体现出的增长趋势,尘螨、热带螨、德国小蠊、狗毛、猫毛、葎草及霉菌Ⅰ的阳性检出率随时间变化均呈波动性改变.