目的变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis, AR)的患者常伴有一定程度的嗅觉障碍，但目前潜在的机制尚不明了。本研究的目的就是分析变应性鼻炎造成嗅觉障碍的可能机制。方法采用 Sniffin’Sticks 嗅觉测试方法测定患者的嗅觉功能。鼻腔分泌物检测包括嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(eosinophil：ationicprotein,ECP)及类胰蛋白酶检测。鼻腔阻塞情况通过鼻气道阻力测定进行评估。结果变应性鼻炎组的患者出现了嗅觉障碍而对照组没有，但两组在鼻气道阻力测定上没有显著差异。变应性鼻炎组患者鼻腔分泌物的ECP和类胰蛋白酶较对照组明显增多。结论嗜酸粒细胞和肥大细胞的活性增加可能导致了变应性鼻炎患者的嗅觉障碍。因此，鼻腔阻塞可能不是引起变应性鼻炎患者嗅觉障碍的主要原因，而炎症所致的上皮反应可能较大。%Objective A certain degree of olfactory dysfunction could be found in patients with AR, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to seek the underlying mechanisms which can lead to olfactory function in patients with AR. Methods Olfactory function of the patients was tested using the Sniffin’Sticks test. Nasal secretion analysis included ECP and tryptase test. Nasal obstruction was evaluated by nasal airway resistance. Results Impaired olfactory function was observed in patients with AR, but not in patients of the control group. Nasal airway resistance showed no difference between the two groups. Nasal secretion analysis in the patients with AR showed increased values of tryptase and ECP in comparison with in the controls. Conclusion The increase in eosinophilic and mast cell activity in the olfactory cleft could lead to olfactory dysfunction in patients with AR. Therefore, olfactory dysfunction in patients with AR might be aggravated not by nasal obstruction caused by the inflammation cannot, but by the inflammation of the epithelium.
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