鼻咽癌局部复发或残留患者挽救手术进路的选择

摘要

目的 根据鼻咽癌局部复发和残留累及的部位和范围,选择不同手术进路切除肿瘤,观察治疗效果、并发症,并观察其预后.方法 回顾性分析从1991年3月至2005年1月因首次治疗失败、手术挽救治疗的鼻咽癌患者37例,男23例,女14例;年龄26～57岁,中位年龄46.5岁.Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期14例,Ⅳ期9例.5例患者颈部淋巴结复发.37例患者经活检证实为鼻咽癌复发和残留.行鼻内镜手术8例,硬腭进路12例,上颌骨外翻进路5例,上颌骨外翻进路+翼点入路4例,鼻侧切+冠状切口双额开颅进路2例,面中部切口鼻锥体翻转进路6例.其中5例同时行颈淋巴清扫术.31例术后2周放疗60 Gy,其中放疗同期化疗15例;6例切缘组织为阴性者未予放疗及化疗.中位随访时间45个月(12～72个月).Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率.结果91.8%(34/37)患者复发肿瘤完全切除,次全切除8.2%(3/37).手术并发症发生率24.3%(9/37).总的3年和5年无瘤生存率分别为62.1%和43.3%.总的3年和5年生存率分别为72.9%和51.3%.Ⅰ～Ⅳ期复发患者的5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、40%、28%和1l%(χ2=10.0,P＜0.01＝,5年累积生存率为100%、70%、35%和28%(χ2=11.5,P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论鼻咽癌复发手术挽救治疗是可行的.根据鼻咽癌复发灶具体部位和范围,采用一种手术进路方法或加以改良,或联合神经外科进路,术中使肿瘤充分暴露,可以安全切除病变,挽救局部复发晚期鼻咽癌患者.%Objective The choice of surgical approaches for salvage surgery based on the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),surgical results,complications,and survival were assessed.Methods Thirty-seven cases with recurrent and residual lesions of NPC underwent salvage surgery between March 1991 and January 2005 were analysed retrospectively.Of 37 patients,23 were men and 14 women,with a median age of 46.5 years (26 -57 years) ;4 were at stage Ⅰ,10 at stage Ⅱ,14 at stage Ⅲ,and 9 at stage Ⅳ; 5 cases were with cervical metastasis,including 3 cases of N1 and 2 cases N2.All recurrent and residual lesions of NPC were determined by biopsy.On the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of NPC,8 cases underwent endoscopic resection of lesions,12 cases of the palate nasopharyngectomy,5 cases of maxillary swing,4 cases of maxillary swing plus preronal approach,2 cases of lateral rhinotomy plus coronalflap approach,and 6 cases transfacial plus nasal pyramid swing approach.Five cases with cervical metastasis received neck dissection in addition to the operations for recurrent and residual lesions of NPC. Postoperatively 31 cases received radiotherapy with dosage of 60 Gy,among them 15 cases with concurrent chemoradiation therapy,and 6 cases with clear surgical margin did not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The cases were followed up for 12 - 72 months,with a median of 45 months.Results Total resection for the recurrent and residual lesions of NPC acounted for 91.8% (34/37) and subtotal resection for 8.2% (3/37). The accidence of perioperative complications was 24.3% (9/37). The 3- and 5-year overall disease-free survival rates (DFSR) were 62.1% and 43.3%,respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates (OSR) were 72.9% and 51.3%,respectively.The 5 year DFSR of cases at stage Ⅰ - Ⅳ were 100%,40%,28% and 11% (χ2 =10.0,P ＜0.01＝,respectively.The 5 year OSR were 100%,70%,35% and 28% (χ2 = 11.5,P ＜0.01),respectively.Conclusions Salvage surgery is a justified treatment for the recurren and residual lesions of NPC,by which some patients with recurren and residual lesions of NPC can be salvaged.