噪声性耳聋机制的研究进展

摘要

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a type of sensorineural deafness caused by noise exposure at low levels over a long period of time or at high levels for a short time. With rapid industrialization, people suffer from noise exposure all the time, including traffic and work place noises, which have become a social problem interfering our lives. As a result, it is critical to protect people against noise exposure, a hot issue in environmental protection for today's soci-ety. It's extremely important for future experimental and theoretical studies on NIHL to fully understand mechanism of the inner ear and auditory nerve, as well as mechanisms of metabolic damage. In addition, it is helpful for clinicians to improve their understanding of NIHL.%噪声性耳聋(Noise-induced Hearing Loss,NIHL)是由于长期暴露在噪声环境下造成渐进性的听力损失或短时间内遭受高强度的爆震或声音刺激导致的感音神经性聋[1].随着现代社会工业化的高速发展,噪声无时无刻发生在我们身边,影响着我们的听力.如交通噪声、娱乐噪声、工作噪声,已经成为干扰我们生活的社会问题.因此,如何消除或减少噪声以及噪声暴露的防护是当今社会环境保护的工作重点.充分了解噪声所导致的内耳及听神经的损伤机制,代谢性损伤学说,以及对应的防护和治疗方法,为今后对于NIHL的研究奠定实验和理论基础,有助于临床工作中对NIHL的理解并指导治疗方案.