目的 探讨锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折时,不同数量(0～3枚)内侧柱支撑螺钉与其疗效的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2012年12月,采用锁定钢板治疗并有完整随访资料的90例肱骨近端骨折患者资料.根据肱骨近端内侧柱支撑螺钉使用情况,将患者分为4组:无支撑螺钉组(36例),1枚支撑螺钉组(23例),2枚支撑螺钉组(19例)和3枚支撑螺钉组(12例).Neer骨折分型:二部分骨折39例,三部分骨折33例,四部分骨折18例;其中3例合并脱位.4组患者术前性别、骨折类型及年龄比较差异均无统计学意义.比较末次随访时4组患者的Constant评分、术后患侧肱骨头高度丢失变化、并发症发生率及骨折愈合时间,分析不同数量支撑螺钉对患者肩关节功能恢复及维持骨折复位的作用.结果 术后90例患者获12～ 56个月(平均21.4个月)随访.末次随访时3枚、2枚、1枚支撑螺钉组及无支撑螺钉组的Con-stant评分分别平均为(76.7±11.6)分、(74.1±7.4)分、(66.8±10.7)分、(65.8±10.2)分,肱骨头高度丢失分别平均为(1.4±1.0)mm、(2.9±1.2) mm、(5.3±3.2) mm及(6.7±3.3)mm.Constant评分3枚与2枚支撑螺钉组比较无差异,两者与1枚支撑螺钉组及无支撑螺钉组比较有差异;肱骨头高度丢失3枚与2枚支撑螺钉组、1枚支撑螺钉组及无支撑螺钉组比较有差异,2枚与1枚支撑螺钉组及无支撑螺钉组比较有差异.4组患者骨折愈合时间及并发症发生率比较均无差异.结论 锁定钢板治疗伴内侧粉碎性骨折或伴内侧骨缺损的肱骨近端骨折时,恢复内侧骨皮质支撑较困难,此时可选择内侧支撑螺钉重建肱骨近端内侧柱支撑,且使用2枚或3枚内侧支撑螺钉即可获得较满意的术后疗效.%Objective To investigate the association between different number of inferomedial screws (0-3 screws) and their efficacy in locking plate of proximal humerus fractures.Methods Data of 90 patients who had undergone locking plate for proximal humerus fracture between January 2007 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into four groups according to the number of inferomedial screws.In the NS (no-screw support) group,36 patients did not have inferomedial screws for mechanical support of the inferomedial region of the proximal humerus; in the OS (one-screw support) group,23 patients had the reconstruction by insertion of only one inferomedial screw; there were 19 patients in the TS (two-screw support) group and 12 in the ThS (three-screw support) group.There were no significant differences among 4 groups in sex,fracture type and age.The Constant scores of the shoulder function,changes in humeral head height at the latest follow-up,incidence of complications and time for fracture healing among the 4 groups were collected.Results The follow-ups for the patients ranged from 12 to 56 months (mean,21.4 months).At the latest follow-up,the ThS,TS,OS and NS groups had a mean Constant score of 76.7 (SD,11.6),74.1 (SD,7.4),66.8 (SD,10.7),65.8 (SD,10.2),respectively; the mean change in humeral head height were 1.4 (SD,1.0) mm,2.9 (SD,1.2) mm,5.3(SD,3.2) mm and 6.7(SD,3.3) mm,respectively.There were no significant differences between the ThS and TS groups in Constant score,and Constant scores in ThS and TS groups were significantly higher than those in OS and NS groups.However,the loss in humeral head height in the ThS group was significantly less than those in the TS,OS and NS groups,and the loss in humeral head height in TS group was significantly less than those in the OS and NS groups.There were no significant differences among 4 groups in time for fracture healing and incidence of complications.Conclusion Locking plate in general do not appear to be a panacea for proximal humerus fractures especially in cases of medial comminution or bone defects because of the malreduction of the medial cortical bone.However,medial support with two or three inferomedial screws being meticulously placed in the inferomedial region may enhance the mechanical stability of medial column support and allow for better maintenance of reduction.
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