目的 比较20G与23G玻璃体切割手术治疗感染性眼内炎的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性病例研究.有外伤史或内眼手术史,经最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜、B型超声及CT检查确诊的感染性眼内炎患者67例67只眼纳入本研究.其中,男性49例49只眼,女性18例18只眼.年龄18～72岁,平均年龄(43±13)岁.外伤史60例60只眼,内眼手术后7例7只眼.因仪器拥有与否之原因分为20G玻璃体切除手术组(20G组)和23G玻璃体切除手术组(23G组).前者35例35只眼,后者32例32只眼.两组患者手术开始时常规抽取脓性玻璃体液作细菌和真菌培养以及药物敏感试验.手术中均行人工玻璃体后脱离,切除大部分玻璃体,酌情行内界膜剥离和(或)眼内激光光凝、冷冻治疗并联合眼内填充硅油或气体.手术后全身应用广谱抗生素及适量糖皮质激素1周,真菌感染者忌用糖皮质激素.随访2～9个月,平均随访时间(7±1)个月.对比分析两组患者手术时间、手术后炎症控制情况、手术后视力、眼压变化,视网膜复位率,医源性视网膜裂孔发生率,球结膜瘢痕形成率,再次手术及最终眼球保存情况等,比较两组治疗效果差异.结果 手术时间,20G组83～165 min,平均时间(126±12) min,23G组65～125 min,平均时间(89±12)min;两组间手术时间比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.125,P＜0.05).手术中主要并发症为锯齿缘离断或其它医源性视网膜裂孔,共34只眼,其中,20G组30只眼,占85.71％;23G组4只眼,占12.50％(x2=35.85,P＜0.05),均为异物取出患眼.67只眼中65只眼眼内炎得到控制,治疗成功率97.01％.其中,20G组34只眼,治疗成功率97.14％;23G组31只眼,治疗成功率96.88％.两组治疗成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0,004,P＞0.05).末次随访时,两组患者视力比较,差异无统计学意义(t=3.12,P＞0.05).硅油填充共14只眼,其中,20G组13只眼,硅油填充率37.14％；23G组1只眼,硅油填充率3.13％.两组硅油填充率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.703,P＜0.05).再手术眼共9只眼,均为再次手术行硅油填充,占13.43％.其中,20G组8只眼,再手术率22.86％;23G组1只眼,再手术率3.13％.两组再手术率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.597,P＜0.05).再手术眼中,20G组中感染复发1只眼,手术后视网膜脱离7只眼,23G组中感染复发1只眼.手术后两组的视网膜脱离发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.147,P＜0.05).球结膜瘢痕形成共40只眼,其中,20G组35只眼,占100.00％,均为切口处球结膜维痕形成；23G组5只眼,占15.63％,均为原有外伤所致.结论 20G与23G玻璃体切割手术均能有效控制感染性眼内炎,但是在缩短手术时间、减少再手术率、降低手术后视网膜脱离和瘢痕形成发生率等方面,23G玻璃体切除手术系统有着明显的优势.%Objective To compare the outcomes and safety of 23G and 20G vitrectomy for treatment of infectious endophthalmitis.Methods This was a retrospective case study.Sixty-seven eyes of 67 eyes suffering from infectious endophthalmitis with a history of trauma or intraocular operation history were enrolled in this study.They were diagnosed by the examinations of best corrected visual acuity,intraocular pressures,slit lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscopy,B-scan ultrasound and CT.There were 49 males (49 eyes) and 18 females (18 eyes).The patients aged from 18 to 72 years with a mean age of (43±13)years.There were 60 patients (60 eyes) with a history of trauma,7 patients (7 eyes) with intraocular operation history.The patients were enrolled into 20G vitrectomy group (35 patients,35 eyes) before December,2009 and 23G vitrectomy group (32 patients,32 eyes) after January,2010 when 23G vitrectomy system was imported in this hospital.Vitreous purulence was taken in all patients at the beginning of the surgery for bacteria and fungal culture and drug sensitivity test. A standard vitrectomy with artificial posterior vitreous detachment followed by internal limiting membrane peeling,and (or) intraocular laser photocoagulation,cryocoagulation,fluid-air exchange with intraocular silicone oil or gas tamponade were performed in all eases.Broad-spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids were used systematically for one week after surgery,but glucocorticoids were not used for fungal infections.The follow-up was ranged from two to nine months with a mean of (7 ± 1) months.The surgical time,inflammation situation,visual acuity,intraocular pressure, retinal reattachment rare,iatrogenic retinal hole rate, bulbar conjunctiva scar formation rate,reoperation rate and eye retention situation before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed.Results The mean surgical times were (126 ± 12) and (89 ± 12) minutes in 20G and 23G group,which was significantly different (t=3.125,P＜0.05).The major surgery complications were ora serrata dialysis and other iatrogenic retinal breaks,and were occurred in 34 eyes,including 30 eyes (85.71％) in 20G group and 4 eyes (12.50％) in 23G group (x2 =35.85,P＜0.05).These 4 eyes in 23G group received foreign body removal surgery previously.The inflammation was controlled in 65 eyes (97.01％) including 34 eyes (97.14％) and 31 eyes (96.88％) in 20G and 23G group respectively,which was not significantly different (x2=0.004,P＞0.05).At last follow-up,There was no statistical difference of visual acuity between the two groups (t=3.12,P＞0.05).Fourteen eyes underwent silicone oil tamponade including 13eyes (37.14％) and 1 eye (3.13％) in 20G and 23G group respectively,which was significantly different (x2=11.703,P＜0.05).Nine eyes underwent reoperation (13.43％),including 8 eyes (22.86％) and 1eye (3.13％) in 20G and 23G group respectively,which was significantly different (x2=5.597,P＜0.05).The 8 re-operated eyes in 20G group included 1 eye of recurrent endophthalmitis and 7 eyes with retinal detachment,the 1 re-operated eye in 23G group was of recurrent endophthalmitis.There was significantly different (x2=7.147,P＜0.05) for the rate of retinal detachment between the 2 groups.There were 40eyes with bulbar conjunctiva scar including 35 eyes (100.00％) and five eyes (15.63％) in 20G and 23G group.Conclusion 23G vitrectomy is an effective treatment for infectious endophthalmitis with shorter surgery time,lower reoperation rate,lower retinal reattachment rate and fewer bulbar conjunctiva scar.
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