A case of cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus variants was reported. An 30-year-old female with immunodeficiency and granulocytopenia after chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia was sufferred form fever and mucosa edema in the right submaxillary area, which gradually involved the right neck and right mandible. Necrotic tissue smear showed thick and right angle hyphae,which was further identified as Rhizopus microsporus variants by mycological examination and DNA sequencing. After intravenous amphothericin B and itraconazole with surgical debridement, the body temperature returned to normal. The lesion improved after two weeks and healed after four weeks without relapse within two years.%报道1例由小孢根霉变种导致的皮肤毛霉病.患者女,30岁.因患急性早幼粒细胞白血病,化疗后继发口腔颌面部小孢根霉变种感染,表现为发热、右侧颊黏膜水肿,皮损中央溃疡、焦痂,周边组织炎性水肿,以面颊部、颌下区为中心明显肿胀,逐渐累及右侧颈部及右下颌,进行性加重.坏死组织涂片镜检显示有粗大、无分隔直角菌丝,真菌学检查鉴定为小孢根霉,分子测序证实为小孢根霉变种.给予两性霉素B、伊曲康唑静脉滴注和手术清创,坏死组织连续3次真菌培养均未培养出小孢根霉变种,患者体温逐渐恢复正常,治疗2周后颔面部肿胀明显减退,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,4周后额部及右眼睑肿胀已完全消退,伤口结痂愈合.随访2 a,右侧颌下可见长约2 cm手术疤痕,未见皮肤毛霉病复发.
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