民族院校大学生心理健康现状调查及心理护理干预

摘要

目的 对民族院校大学生进行心理健康现状调查,探讨护理干预对心理健康存在隐患的学生的心理健康影响.方法 采用分层随机抽样法抽取300名少数民族大学新生进行心理筛查.采用中国大学生心理健康量表(CCSMHS)进行测量,对心理健康存在隐患的学生采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行再次评估和护理干预,并与国内大学生常模比较,观察心理护理前后该组学生SCL-90各因子的变化.结果 经CCSMHS筛查出的阳性学生36名,占总人数的12％;民族大学新生在CCSMHS躯体化、焦虑、自卑、强迫和冲动等因子得分均高于常模,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对于筛查阳性的学生经SCL-90测量,结果表明,在心理护理前,该组学生在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和精神病倾向因子得分高于常模,差异具有统计学意义(t分别为-0.11287,-0.095 39,-0.12324,-0.081 19,-0.041 36,P＜0.05);心理护理前后,在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执和精神病倾向方面均有显著地改善,差异具有统计学意义(t分别为-0.158 69,0.001 63,0.029 37,0.039 14,0.01304,0.00979,0.01061,P＜0.05);心理护理后与全国常模比较,除了焦虑方面外,其他因子均无统计学差异(t=-0.01277,P＜0.05).结论 通过应用不同的心理护理手段进行心理干预教育,能够改善少数民族大学新生的心理健康状况.%Objective To study the mental health status of minority undergraduate students and explore the effect of the nursing intervention on the students with mental problems.Methods Totals of 300 minority students were investigated with the China College Student Mental Health Scale 0CCSMHS),then the students with mental health problems were evaluated with the Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90).Factors of SCL-90 of students before and after the nursing intervention were observed and compared with the norm.Results Among 300 students,36 students(12％ ) were found with the mental health problems,the score of somatization,anxiety,depression,obsession and impulse of new students were significantly higher than that of the norm 0P ＜ 0.05).For the students with the mental health problems,before the nursing intervention,students' score of somatization,anxiety,depression,mental illness were significantly higher than that of the norm (t =- 0.112 87,- 0.095 39,-0.123 24,- 0.081 19,- 0.041 36,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ),after the nursing intervention,factors such as somatization,depression,obsession,anxiety,hostility,terror,paranoia,mental illness and impulse of students were significantly improved (t =- 0.158 69,0.001 63,0.029 37,0.039 14,0.013 04,0.009 79,0.010 61,respectively;P ＜0.05),and except the anxiety factor,there was no significantly difference in others factors between students with mental health problems and the norm(t =- 0.012 77,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Application different psychological nursing intervention methods can improve the status of mental health of minority undergraduate students.