儿童青少年反应抑制能力的发展：基于Go/NoGo任务的功能MRI研究

摘要

Objective:To investigate the development of motor response inhibition and error processing abilities in children and adolescents using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in combination with a Go/NoGo task. Materials and Methods: Forty-two children and adolescents, ranging in age from 8 to 17, took part in this experiment, while behavioral and fMRI data were collected. The data were analyzed using SPM8 and SPSS, and then correlation analysis was done between age and the inferior frontal gyrus, a key area for motor response inhibition. Results:The results showed that reaction time was decreased with age, while accuracy was increased with age during the Go/NoGo task. We investigated that the activation of the inferior frontal gyrus was increased signiifcantly with age in 8—15 year-old subjects during response inhibition. Furthermore, we observed that the activation of the inferior frontal gyrus reached a peak platform in the late adolescence. And the activation of right inferior frontal gyrus was increased signiifcantly with age during error processing. Conclusions:These data suggest that the inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in motor response inhibition. The inferior frontal gyrus may develop with age in early adolescence, and then reach a peak platform in late adolescence, when it is mature and close to adult level.%目的：运用功能MRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging，fMRI)技术以及经典实验范式Go/NoGo任务，探讨儿童青少年运动反应抑制(motor response inhibition)与错误监测(error processing)能力的发展。材料与方法42名儿童青少年(8～17岁)在执行Go/NoGo任务的同时，进行fMRI数据采集。使用SPSS和SPM8软件进行数据分析，并提取反应抑制关键脑区额下回与年龄作相关分析。结果随着年龄的增长，反应时间缩短，反应正确率提高。fMRI数据表明：对于成功反应抑制，在8～15岁期间，额下回激活强度与年龄呈显著正相关。然而，青春期后期额下回激活强度增加趋于平缓。对于错误监测，右侧额下回激活强度与年龄呈显著正相关。结论这些数据表明，额下回是反应抑制重要脑区之一，其在青春期前期随年龄而逐渐发育，青春期后期发育趋于平缓而逐渐成熟，接近成人水平。