目的：了解县级医院重症监护病房（ICU）病原菌种类及耐药率，指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。方法选择湖北省秭归县人民医院ICU 2013年1月至12月各类送检标本263份，进行细菌培养及鉴定，采用纸片琼脂扩散法进行体外药敏试验，观察病原菌的标本来源、病原菌分布、耐药率。结果263份标本前3位分别是痰液131株（49.8%）、血液49株（18.6%）及腹水38株（14.4%），胸水最少5株（1.9%）。共分离出病原菌125株，病原菌阳性检出率为47.5%（125/263）；其中革兰阴性（G-）杆菌80株（64.0%），前4位分别为肺炎克雷伯菌23株（18.4%）、鲍曼不动杆菌19株（15.2%）、大肠埃希菌18株（14.4%）及铜绿假单胞菌12株（9.6%）；革兰阳性（G+）球菌33株（26.4%），以金黄色葡萄球菌为主25株（20.0%），真菌最少12株（9.6%）。分离出的前4位G-杆菌中肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林钠的耐药率最高（100%），对亚胺培南、美罗培南、环丙沙星耐药率均为0；鲍曼不动杆菌对妥布霉素和头孢曲松的耐药率较高（100%、92.3%），对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率均较低（26.3%、15.4%）；大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林钠和哌拉西林耐药率较高（88.9%、83.3%），对阿米卡星、亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率均为0；铜绿假单胞菌对头孢曲松和头孢噻肟钠的耐药率较高（均为100%），对左氧氟沙星的耐药率为0。G+球菌对利奈唑胺、替考拉宁及万古霉素无耐药菌株，其中金黄色葡萄球菌对阿奇霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、青霉素的耐药率均高于80%，屎肠球菌对红霉素、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星的耐药率也均高于80%。结论本院ICU感染主要以呼吸道为主，病原菌主要以G-杆菌为主，对抗菌药物耐药性十分严重。应密切监测细菌耐药趋势，根据细菌鉴定和药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物，以有效降低和控制ICU医院感染。%Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance rate in the intensive care unit(ICU)in county hospital to guide clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods 263 various specimens were chosen from January 2013 to December 2013 in the ICU of Zigui County People's Hospital in Hubei Province,these were applied to perform the bacterial culture and identification,and disc AGAR diffusion method was used to test the in vitro drug susceptibility and observe the specimens distribution,pathogenic distribution and the rate of drug resistance. Results In the 263 specimens,the top three isolated were 131 sputum(49.8%),49 blood(18.6%) and 38 ascites specimens(14.4%)respectively,and the pleural effusion was the least isolated with 5(1.9%). A total of 125 strains bacteria were isolated with positive detection rate of 47.5%(125/263). In the 125 strains,80(64.0%) were Gram-negative(G-)bacilli at the pioneer position,and the top four were:Klebsiella pneumonia 23(18.4%), Acinetobacter Baumanni 19(15.2%),Escherichia coli 18(14.4%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12 strains(9.6%). There were 33 strains(26.4%)of Gram positive(G+)cocci including mainly Staphylococcus aureus 25 strains(20.0%);fungi strains were 12,the least(9.6%). The drug resistance rates of the top four G- bacillus were as follows:the rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin sodium was the highest(100%),while its rate to imipenem,meropenem and ciprofloxacin was 0;the rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to tobramycin and ceftriaxone were very high(100%, 92.3%),while to imipenem,meropennem were much lower respectively(26.3%,15.4%);the rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin sodium and piperacillin were relatively high(88.9%,83.3%),while the rates to amikacin,imipenem, meropennem respectively were 0;the rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftriaxone,cefotaxime sodium were very high(both 100%),while the resistant rate to levofloxacin was 0. The G+ cocci had no drug-resistance to linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin;the rates of Staphylococcus aureus to azithromycin,clindamycin,erythromycin and penicillin were higher than 80%,and those of Excrement enterococcus to erythromycin,gentamycin,levofloxacin were also higher than 80%. Conclusions The ICU infection of our hospital is primarily respiratory tract infection, the pathogenic bacteria are mainly G- bacilli and the antibacterial drug resistance is very serious. Therefore it is necessary to monitor the trend of bacterial resistance closely,and according to the results of bacteria identification and drug susceptibility,the antimicrobial agents are reasonably chosen to effectively reduce and control the ICU hospital infection.
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