全方位健康教育对2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平及血糖控制的影响

摘要

目的 探讨全方位健康教育对2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平及血糖控制的影响.方法 选择台州市中心医院神经内科2016年1月至12月收治的100例糖尿病患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组50例.所有患者均按病情给予常规药物治疗,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上加用全方位健康教育(包括饮食控制疗法、运动疗法、血糖控制范围、降糖药物使用和观察、足部护理、血糖自我监测).疗程为2周.比较两组患者全方位治疗后自我管理水平及血糖控制效果的差异.结果 两组复诊时自我管理能力评分较教育前明显升高(分:对照组为35.2±9.2比30.1±5.2,观察组为78.6±11.5比29.8±5.4,均P<0.05),空腹血糖〔FBG(mmol/L):对照组为8.8±2.5比14.8±2.9,观察组为6.1±1.6比15.1±2.7〕和餐后2 h血糖〔2 h PBG(mmol/L):对照组为12.5±3.4比22.5±3.8,观察组为9.1±2.2比21.9±3.6〕均较教育前明显降低(均P<0.05),且以观察组改善程度较对照组更显著〔自我管理能力评分(分):78.6±11.5比35.2±9.2,FBG (mmol/L):6.1±1.6比8.8±2.5,2 h PBG(mmol/L):9.1±2.2比12.5±3.4,均P<0.05〕.结论 全方位健康教育可提高糖尿病患者自我管理水平,患者血糖控制较好.%Objective To explore the effect of omni-directional health education on self-management level and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 100 diabetic patients admitted to the department of neurology of Taizhou Central Hospital from January to December 2016 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. All patients were given conventional medication according to their systemic conditions, the control group used conventional nursing care, while the observation group was supplemented with omni-directional health education (including diet control therapy, exercise therapy, blood glucose control, hypoglycemic drug use and observation, foot care, blood glucose self monitoring) on the basis of routine nursing;the course of treatment was 2 weeks in the two groups. The differences in self-management level and the effect of blood glucose control were compared between the two groups. Results On the return visits, the self-management scores were significantly higher in both groups than those before education (the control group was 35.2±9.2 vs. 30.1±5.2, the observation group was 78.6±11.5 vs. 29.8±5.4, all P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose [FBG (mmol/L): the control group was 8.8±2.5 vs. 14.8±2.9, the observation group was 6.1±1.6 vs. 15.1±2.7, both P < 0.05) and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose [2 h PBG (mmol/L): the control group was 12.5±3.4 vs. 22.5±3.8, the observation group was 9.1±2.2 vs. 21.9±3.6) were obviously lower than those before education (all P < 0.05), the degrees of improvement of the observation group were more significant than those of the control group [self management score: 78.6±11.5 vs. 35.2±9.2, FBG (mmol/L): 6.1±1.6 vs. 8.8±2.5, 2 hours PBG (mmol/L): 9.1±2.2 vs. 12.5±3.4, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion Omni-directional health education can improve the self-management level of diabetic patients, and the patient's blood glucose control is relatively better.