重庆市级医院医务人员手卫生状况及影响因素

摘要

Objective To investigate hand hygiene(HH) status among health care workers(HCWs) in municipal hospitals in Chongqing City, and provide the basis for making effective HH management strategies.Methods In April-June 2016, HH status among 111 HCWs in 24 municipal hospitals of this city were investigated through questionnaire survey, on-site observation, and hand surface sampling.Results All surveyed departments are installed special hand washing facilities, all surveyed HCWs were performed HH through hand-washing by running water.The proportion of HCWs' hand-washing by disinfectant was higher than six-step hand washing (73.87% [n=82] vs 37.84%[n=42], χ2=29.23, P<0.01);the implementation rate of HH before touching patient was higher than that after touching patients (99.10%[n=110] vs 89.19%[n=99], χ2=9.88, P<0.01).During the process of diagnosis and treatment activities, the maximal total number of bacteria on the surface of hand before and after HH were 475 CFU/cm2 and 85 CFU/cm2 respectively, hand surface colony count after HH was higher than before HH(P<0.01).Age, gender, department, and occupation are important factors influencing HH.The total number of bacteria on hand surface of nurses was higher than non-nurse HCWs, the total number of bacteria on hand surface of female, nurses, and HCWs in class I environment were all higher than male, non-nurse HCWs and HCWs in other types of environment, there were significant difference among the groups (all P<0.05).Qualified rates of HH of each group improved after hand washing, the total number of bacterial colony on hands of HCWs all decreased.Conclusion Hand washing facilities and HH efficacy are good in Chongqing municipal hospitals, however,HH compliance needs to be improved among HCWs aged≥35 years,male HCWs, HCWs in class III and IV environmental departments, as well as non-nurse HCWs.%目的 了解重庆市市级医院医务人员手卫生状况,为制定有效的手卫生管理策略提供依据. 方法 2016年4-6月通过调查问卷、现场观察及手表面采样的方法,对24所市级医院的111名医务人员手卫生状况进行调查研究. 结果 所有被调查科室均设置有专门的洗手设施,且被调查者均采用流水洗手的方式进行手卫生.医务人员洗手使用消毒剂的比例(82名,73.87%)高于采用六步洗手(42名,37.84%);接触患者前手卫生执行率为99.10%(110名),高于接触患者后的89.19%(99名),差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为29.23、9.88,均P<0.01).诊疗活动中手卫生前手最大菌落总数为475 CFU/cm2,手卫生后手最大菌落总数为85 CFU/cm2,洗手后手菌落计数低于洗手前(P<0.01).年龄、性别、科室和职业是影响手卫生的重要因素.洗手前,护士手卫生合格率高于非护士,女性、护士以及I类环境中医务人员手表面菌落总数分别低于男性、非护士以及其他类型环境,各组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).洗手后各组手卫生合格率均有提高,医务人员手表面菌落总数均有减少.结论 重庆市市级医院洗手设施配置和手卫生效果均较好,但≥35岁年龄组、男性、III和IV类环境科室的医务人员,以及非护士的手卫生依从性有待进一步提高.