目的 了解2010-2015年重庆医科大学附属儿童医院所在地区新生儿感染细菌的变迁特征及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物和预防控制医院感染提供依据.方法 分析该期间检出病原菌的构成和前几位病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,采用BD Phoenix 100仪器结合纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,按CLSI标准判断结果.结果 2010-2015年检出病原菌10 569株,其中革兰阴性菌8 540株,占80.8％;以肺炎克雷伯菌为主,其次是大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌,检出率分别为29.3％、16.7％、9.9％、8.6％、3.3％.革兰阳性菌1 490株,占14.1％;以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,其次是表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌,检出率分别为7.8％、2.2％、1.8％.肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率＜10％,其次是铜绿假单胞菌＞10％,而鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率均＞20％;碳青霉烯类耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌比例分别接近8.4％和2.9％.未检出耐万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺的革兰阳性菌.结论 该医院所在地区新生患儿感染细菌以肺炎克雷伯菌居多,呼吸道感染最为常见,鲍曼不动杆菌检出率呈逐年上升趋势,其余细菌未见趋势性变化.耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌较多.%Objective The changing patterns of pathogenic isolates and antibiotic susceptibility in Chongqing's neonates between 2010 and 2015 were investigated for the purpose to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics and control of nosocomial infections.Methods The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed.Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were carried out using BD Phoenix 100 automated system and the conventional Kirby-Bauer method.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results A total of 10 569 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated during the period,most of which were gram-negative bacteria (80.8 ％,8 540/10 569),primarily Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.3 ％),followed by Escherichia coli (16.7 ％),Acinetobacter baumanmii (9.9 ％),Enterobacter cloacae (8.6 ％) and Pseudornonas aeruginosa (3.3 ％).Gram-positive strains accounted for 14.1％ (1 490/10 569),mainly Staphylococcus aureus (7.8％),Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.2 ％),and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1.8 ％).Imipenem and meropenem showed high activity against Enterobacteriaceae (＜ 10％ resistant),followed by P.aeruginosa (＞ 10 ％ resistant),and A.baumannii (＞20％ resistant).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains was 8,4 ％ in K.pneumoniae and 2.9 ％ in E.coli isolates,No gram-positive isolates were resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid.Conclusions K.pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated pathogen in the neonates treated in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.The prevalence of A.baumannii isolates is increasing.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains are emerging.
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