甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫苗接种人群的血清抗体分析

摘要

目的:了解接种甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)疫苗后,人群中血清抗体的变化情况,为甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种提供依据.方法:随机采集不同年龄已接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群的血清,采用血凝抑制实验检测血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体的血凝抑制滴度(HI滴度),HI滴度≥1:40判定为阳性,同时调查采样对象的甲型H1N1流感疫苗与季节性流感疫苗的接种史.结果:甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为57.4%(402份/700份),抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为1:35.6;甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率与GMT较高的是10~30岁组人群,较低的是60岁以上的人群;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后30~90天,GMT水平达到高峰(1:56);随着季节性流感疫苗接种次数的增多,人群血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体的阳性率与GMT值反而降低.结论:青少年与成人接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的免疫效果比儿童和老年人的好;甲型H1N1流感疫苗对人群的保护作用能持续90天左右;甲型H1N1流感抗体在0~10岁组,10~30岁组人群中持续的时间比30~60岁,>60岁组人群长;多次接种季节性流感疫苗可能会影响甲型H1N1流感抗体的产生.建议对儿童和老年人开展双倍剂量甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种;甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种时间最好在流行期前1~3月内,并且应每年接种一次.%Objective:To investigate the change of antibody level in people who were vaccinated with H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine, and to provide advices for the vaccination project. Methods:The serum specimens were collected randomly from people who were vaccinated with H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine and antibody levels were examined by Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples with HI titer≥40 was considered as positive. The information of the vaccination history of H1N1 pandemic influenza and seasonal influenza vaccine was collected. Results:700 serum specimens were collected, 402(57. 4% ) of those were positive, the geometric mean titer(GMT) was 1: 35. 6. The positive rate and GMT in people aged 10-30 were the highest, while that in people aged above 60 were the lowest. GMT value reached the peak (1: 56) between 30 and 90 days after vaccination. The positive rate and GMT value of H1N1 pandemic influenza decreased as the vaccination times of seasonal influenza increased. Conclusion; The protection effect of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine was better in young and adult people than in children and elders, and could maintain for about 90 days. The protection time lasted longer in people aged ＜30 than people aged ＞30. Repeated vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine might have negative effect on the antibody level of H1N1 pandemic influenza. Children and elders should be given double dose vaccines. Vaccination should be taken 1-3 months before the epidemic season every year.