医疗共同体建设中乡镇卫生院的参与动因与策略研究:以山东省为例

摘要

目的 了解山东省乡镇卫生院参与医疗共同体(以下简称医共体)的策略.方法 借鉴新制度主义理论、理性选择理论和社会网络理论探讨乡镇卫生院参与医共体建设的策略.采用问卷调查法于2018年8月对山东省13个地市264所乡镇卫生院的院长进行调查,调查内容为参与现状、动因、行为等.对各选项进行统计描述和双变量Pearson相关分析.结果 理论分析结果显示,乡镇卫生院行为受制度环境和技术环境的双重约束:针对制度环境的合法化压力,采取"稳妥的顺从策略"参加县域医共体,同时采取对自身有效率的具体应对行为;面对市场竞争压力,部分卫生院采取"积极的探索策略",积极搜寻合作伙伴,同时为市场探索寻求制度合法性.实证分析结果显示,264所卫生院中,有231所(87.5％)参与医联体.231所参与医联体的乡镇卫生院中,199所(86.1％)是应政府要求参与,161所(69.7％)是为了自身发展;对方技术水平(83.5％,193所)和资源匹配性(77.9％,180所)是选择伙伴的主要原则;220所(95.2％)参与县域医共体,66所(28.6％)同时参与其他类型医联体.结论 乡镇卫生院县域医共体参与行为高度趋同,同时采取了多种联盟参与策略.%Objective To analyze the motives and tactics of township health centers ( THC) to participate in the countywide medical communities of Shandong province. Methods Such tools as the new institutionalism, rational choice and social network theories, as well as the constituent ratios and Pearson correlation coefficient of data were used in a survey in August 2018 with managers of 264 THCs in Shandong. It aimed to learn from the respondents their motives, tactics, and behaviors to participate in such communities. Results Theoretical analysis of the results found that their participation was bound by both institutional environment and technical environment. For example, compliance tactics, accompanied by efficiency, was adopted to cope with stress from institutional environment. Exploratory tactics, accompanied by legitimacy, was adopted to cope with stress from technical environment. The figures showed 87. 5％ of 264 THCs investigated participated in such communities, and their main motives were in turn to follow government requests (86. 1％ ) and to seek development opportunities (69. 7％ ). The critical criteria of partner selection were in turn technological level (83. 5％ ) and matching of resources (77. 9％ ). Of 231 THCs which participated in the communities, 95. 2％ joined in countywide medical communities, and 28. 6％ participated in other forms of medical alliances. Conclusions THCs showed high organizational convergence in their participation, and adopted diversified strategies of participation in medical alliance.