医学生农村基层择业意向调查及因素分析--基于甘肃省的调查

摘要

The aim of the present research was to investigate and analyze the hunting intentions of medical students for rural grassroots in Gansu and to provide a reference for decision-making on rural health human resource . A questionnaire is the research tool which was used to investigate the views of the senior students from six medical schools , and we studied their employment willingness to rural healthcare institutions .Chi-square test and non-condi-tional logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis .A sample of 600 medical graduates was involved in this investigation.The results of this study show that more than a half (55.6%) of the students would like to work in ru-ral, but only 13.8%of which were “very willing” to work at the rural healthcare institutions .According to the out-comes of this investigation , the number of junior college students who would like to work at the grassroots was 2.3 times the number of the undergraduate students .Medical students whose monthly salary expectations were not high ,with the household registration in rural areas , and having a better understanding of the policy of rural grass-roots em-ployment were more likely to work at the rural healthcare institutions .Based on the findings of this investigation , it can be concluded that the grassroots medical career intention of medical students is not only influenced by its own fac -tors, such as education and household registration , but also the policy of the government , school employment guid-ance and social atmosphere play an important role .The above-mentioned factors should be considered by decision-making and management departments of public healthcare .The departments should introduce a reasonable recruit-ment policy and strengthen the construction of grass-roots medical technology , equipment , and infrastructure , im-prove the grass-roots of employment environment and career development opportunities and strengthen the medical students'employment guidance work to make medical students more willing to work at rural healthcare institutions .%目的：基于甘肃省数据，调查医学院校毕业生农村基层择业意向，分析其影响因素，为农村卫生人力资源决策提供参考依据。方法：问卷调查甘肃省六所医学高校临床及护理专业临近毕业的学生（本科生五年级、专科生三年级，不包括甘肃省订单定向医学生），采用卡方检验和二元Logistic 回归对统计资料进行分析。结果：具有农村基层择业意向的医学生占55．6％，其中，专科生是本科生的2．3倍；“非常愿意”去基层工作的医学生占比为13．8％；家庭人均收入低、月薪期望值不高、农村户籍、了解农村基层就业政策的医学生更容易选择去基层就业。结论：医学生农村基层择业意向受自身因素（学历、户籍等）、卫生人力干预政策、学校就业指导、社会环境等诸多因素影响。卫生决策及管理部门需要综合考虑上述因素，通过推行合理的招募政策，加强农村基层医疗技术设备及基础设施建设，改善农村基层就业环境和职业发展机会，强化医学生就业指导工作等策略，增强医学生农村基层择业意向。