湖北省洪涝灾害易发地区居民重点传染病预防素养现状调查

摘要

目的 了解湖北省洪涝灾害易发地区居民重点传染病预防素养水平.方法 采用多阶段分层系统随机抽样的方法,对湖北省1区1县的居民进行问卷调查.结果 洪涝灾害易发地区居民具备重点传染病预防素养的比例为4.1％,且在城乡、年龄和文化程度方面差异有统计学意义；具备重点传染病知识、相关健康生活行为方式、药品说明书阅读理解和相关行为操作4方面素养的比例分别为8.6％、44.8％、19.2％和9.5％；洪涝灾害易发地区居民认为有效的传染病知识传播渠道排名前3位为“电视”(76.2％)、“看病时听医生讲”(67.4％)和“亲戚朋友介绍”(55.6％).结论 洪涝灾害地区居民的传染病预防素养水平较低；应重点加强对农村地区居民、高年龄组、低文化程度群体和无灾时期的健康教育；当地的健康传播形式,应以电视传播和人际传播为主,其他形式为辅.%Objective To understand the health literacy level on major infectious disease prevention among residents in flood prone areas. Methods Using multi-stage stratified systematic random sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents of an urban area and a rural area in Hubei Province. Results The overall level of health literacy on major infectious disease prevention among residents in flood prone areas was 4. 1% , and statistic differences were found among district, age and culture. 8.6% of respondents had health literacy on major infectious disease preventive knowledge, 44. 8% of them had related healthy life style, 19. 2% of them had medication instruction understanding ability and 9. 5% of them had related behavior operation ability. Television (76. 2% ) , doctor explanation (67.4% ) , relatives and friend recommendation (55. 6% ) were selected as effective communication methods for obtaining infectious disease knowledge among residents in flood prone areas. Conclusion Health literacy level on major infectious disease prevention was lower in flood prone areas. Health education should be strengthened among residents in rural areas, high-age, low-culture, and during no disaster period. Television and inter-personnel communication were the major health communication forms among residents of flood prone areas.