发热门诊患者甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查

摘要

目的 了解发热门诊患者接种甲型H1N1流感(甲流)疫苗的一般情况以及影响因素,为今后流感的预防控制工作提供依据.方法 采取横断面研究,2010年1月1日至2月28日发热门诊就诊的所有患者4556例,按照是否接种甲流疫苗分组,分析其基本情况.另选取2010年2月1-7日愿意接受问卷调查者425例,对其接种/未接种甲流疫苗的原因进行调查.结果 发热门诊患者的甲流疫苗接种率12.6％.与未接种组比较,接种组多为男性(55.3％)、年龄多为16～35岁(89.0％),以学生为主(66.0％),两组差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).未接种疫苗的原因主要包括:身体因素(42.2％)、疫苗因素(38.0％)、外在因素(48.6％).按职业比较,学生和退休人员以身体因素为主,干部职员以外在因素为主；受调查者学历越高,考虑疫苗因素的比例越大(P均＜0.05).接种疫苗的原因以单位或社区组织接种为主(82.1％).结论 发热门诊患者中甲流疫苗接种率不高,受接种政策、组织管理等因素影响,相关部门尚需要加大流感预防及流感疫苗质量、安全性、接种政策等知识的宣传,采取更加有效便利的接种措施.%Objective To understand novel influenza A/H1N1 vaccination coverage and vaccination influencing factors among patients in a fever clinic in Beijing, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza in fu-ture. Methods All 4556 patients in a fever clinic in Beijing during January and February in 2010 were selected. They were divided into two groups according to whether vaccination of novel influenza A/H1N1 or not and their basic information were analyzed. Furthermore, 425 patients who agreed to take questionnaire survey about " the reasons of taking vaccina-tionon-vaccination" were investigated from February 1 to 7 2010. Results The vaccination rate of novel influenza A/ H1N1 was 12.6% among patients in the fever clinic. Comparing with non-vaccination group, the percentages of male (55. 3% ), aged 16 to 35 (89. 0% ), occupation of student/undergraduate (66. 0% ) , the difference was statistically significant (P <0. 01). The associated factors about non-vaccination reasons were physical factors (42.2%) , vaccine factors (38.0%) , and exterior factors (48.6%). Physical factors were main reasons in students and the retiree, and exterior factors were main reasons in office clerks. Vaccine factors had positive related to education level (P value < 0. 05) . On the other side, the most reason was "collective vaccination by school, college, community or others" (82.1%). Conclusion The vaccination rate of novel influenza A/H1N1 was low among participants in this study. It should be inten-sified by propaganda of influenza prevention and vaccination in quality, security and policy of public health department, developing effective and convenient vaccination measures.