山西省县级医疗卫生机构人员吸烟状况调查

摘要

目的了解山西省县级医疗卫生机构人员吸烟行为、烟草危害知识与态度及提供戒烟服务的现状，为制定控烟干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用面对面问卷调查的方法，对山西省2011年中央补助地方烟草控制项目的18县（市、区）卫生行政部门、综合医院、中医院、妇幼保健院（站）、疾控中心和健康教育所共94个单位9637名在职职工进行调查。结果医务人员吸烟率为9.83％，其中男性吸烟率为28.82％，女性吸烟率为0.53％，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝1921.23，P＜0.01）。有87.00％的医务人员知晓本单位规定“不能在室内任何区域吸烟”，吸烟的医务人员中有80.10％在上班时吸烟；吸烟危害健康知识知晓率为62.82％；医生在就诊时从不或很少询问病人吸烟情况占72.10％。吸烟者与非吸烟者对吸烟危害相关知识与态度情况的知晓情况（χ2＝101.88，P＜0.01）和对吸烟、被动吸烟与疾病关系知识知晓情况（χ2＝14.87，P＜0.01）差异均有统计学意义。对“过滤嘴可以降低吸烟的危害”（P＝0.000，OR＝1.007，95％ CI：1.005～1.105）和“外国烟的危害比国产烟的危害小”（P＝0.013，OR＝1.002，95％ CI：1.001～1.004）知晓率高是促使不吸烟的保护因素，男性是吸烟的危险因素（P＝0.000，OR＝1.319，95％ CI：1.303～1.335），高学历是不吸烟的保护因素（P＝0.000，OR＝1.023，95％ CI：1.016～1.030）。结论山西省县级医疗卫生机构控烟环境尚未形成，需进一步加强医务人员烟草危害知识和技能培训，提高其控烟意识，强化控烟监督力度，推进创建无烟单位工作。%Objective To understand the status of smoking behaviors,knowledge and attitudes to tobacco among health care workers (HCWs ), and provide evidence for making strategies and prevention methods for smoking con-trol.Methods A total of 9637 HCWs from 94 medical units (Health administrative departments,General hospitals,Chi-nese medicine hospitals,Maternal and Child Health Hospitals/Stations,CDCs and Health Education Institutes) in 18 counties/cities/districts,which were included in Shanxi Province central subsidies for local tobacco control project in 2011, were investigated by face-to-face questionnaire survey method.Results Among HCWs, the overall smoking rate was 9.83%,and the smoking rate in male (28.82%)was significantly higher than that in female (0.53%,χ2 =1921.23, P<0.01).87.00% of HCWs knew the regulation“not smoking in any indoor area”in their unit.Among the smoking staff, 80.10% of them smoked during work.The awareness rate of tobacco harm only was 62.82%.72.10%of them never or rare-ly asked their patients whether smoking or not.There were significant differences between smokers and non-smokers in the hazards of smoking,knowledge and attitudes (χ2 =101.88,P<0.01)and the relationship of smoking,passive smoking (χ2 =14.87,P<0.01),the awareness of smokers were lower.The higher awareness of“filter can reduce the dangers of smoking”(P=0.000,OR=1.007,95% CI:1.005 -1.105)and “the dangers of foreign cigarettes has less harmful than domestic cigarettes”(P=0.013,OR=1.002,95% CI:1.001 -1.004)were the protective factors of non-smok-ing.Male was risk factor (P=0.000,OR=1.319,95% CI:1.303-1.335).Higher education level was protective fac-tors of non-smoking (P=0.000,OR=1.023,95% CI:1.016-1.030).Conclusion Smoking control environment in medical and health institutions of county level in Shanxi Province is not formed yet.Efforts on training of tobacco harm knowl-edge and skills of HCWs to improve tobacco control awareness should be strengthened for promoting smoke-free units.