我国公众突发公共事件心理危机干预需求调查

摘要

Objective To find out the demands of psychological crisis intervention in public emergencies among Chinese people.Methods Multi-staged stratified clustered sampling method was carried out in six provinces.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 9227 residents.Results The public' s demands on different forms of psychological assistance separately were:publicity through the media (42.55％),receiving related publicity materials (23.32％),individual psychological counseling (17.35％) and collective psychological counseling (13.32％).Most of them were willing to choose professionals (40.87％) and family relatives (39.42％) as psychological assistance providers,the succor preferred professionals (62.35％) to provide psychological assistance,the direct victims or the families of the direct victims were more like to choose the family relatives (48.32％) to provide psychological assistance.The public were willing to access to psychological knowledge and skills through television programs (n =5322),chat (n =3503) and the Internet (n =3011).Direct victims or the families of the victims required on the TV (60.40％) and chat (40.69％).The main form of publicity materials that the public wanted were books (42.94％),posters (40.58％).The public' s demand on books,pamphlets,brochures increased with the increaser of the education level.Conclusion Inemergencies psychological crisis intervention,it is necessary to provide psychological assistance and psychological health education according to the characteristics of the public.%目的 了解我国公众对突发公共事件心理危机干预服务的需求.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法对6个省(自冶区、直辖市)的9227名公众进行问卷调查.结果 公众对不同形式心理援助的需求依次是:通过媒体宣传(42.55％)、获得相关宣传材料(23.32％)、个体心理咨询(17.35％)、集体心理辅导(13.32％)；大多数人愿意选择专业人员(40.87％)和家人亲戚(39.42％)作为心理援助的提供者,参与现场救援的救护人员首选专业人员提供心理援助(62.35％),直接受害者或遇难者家属对家人亲戚的依赖较高(48.32％)；公众希望获得心理方面知识和技能的途径主要是电视节目(5322人)、聊天(3503人)和互联网络(3011人),直接受害者或遇难者家属对电视(60.40％)、聊天(40.69％)形式的需求较高；公众希望得到的传播材料的主要形式是书刊(42.94％)、宣传画(40.58％),随着文化程度的增高,公众对书刊、小册子、折页等材料的需求增加.结论 在突发公共事件心理危机干预中,根据不同公众的特点提供心理援助和心理健康教育非常必要.