陕西省某高校2008～2013级新生心理健康状况变化分析

摘要

目的：考察近6年来大一新生心理健康的变化特点，为开展大学生心理健康教育工作提供实证依据。方法2008～2013年每年10月，采用 CCSMHS 和 SCL-90对某高校2008～2013级13098名新生施测并进行心理症状分析。结果近6年来新生心理症状总体呈下降趋势，检出率分别为7.46％、7.87％、6.06％、6.75％、5.18％和5.63％；总体症状（F ＝36.57，P ＜0.001）及抑郁（F ＝367.78，P ＜0.001）、精神病性（F ＝282.15， P ＜0.001）、躯体化（F ＝30.92，P ＜0.001）、强迫症（F ＝689.66，P ＜0.001）、焦虑（F ＝996.16，P ＜0.001）和偏执（F ＝695.73，P ＜0.001）的年级差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.001）；总体症状（t ＝2.08，P ＜0.05）及躯体化（t ＝2.78，P ＜0.01）、抑郁（t ＝3.33，P ＜0.001）、焦虑（t ＝4.45，P ＜0.001）和精神病性（t ＝5.73，P ＜0.001）的性别差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；总体症状（t ＝5.59，P ＜0.001）及躯体化（t ＝1.03，P ＜0.05）、强迫症（t ＝7.46，P ＜0.001）、抑郁（t ＝5.73，P ＜0.001）、焦虑（t ＝7.83，P ＜0.001）和精神病性（t ＝6.70， P ＜0.001）的学历差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论新生心理症状总体呈下降趋势，不同年级、性别、学历新生的心理症状存在差异。%Objective To investigate the changing trends of psychological symptoms in six years,and provide em-pirical references for developing college students’mental health education.Methods Psychological symptoms among 13 098 freshmen from 2008 to 2013 in a university were analyzed by using Chinese College Student Mental Health Scale and Symp-tom Check List 90.Results The prevalence of psychological symptoms among freshmen in six years totally showed down trend.There were significant grade differences on the total symptoms (F =36.57,P <0.001),depression (F =367.78,P<0.001),psychosis (F =282.15,P <0.001),somatization (F =30.92,P <0.001),obsessive-compulsive disorder (F =689.66,P <0.001),anxiety (F =996.16,P <0.001),paranoid ideation (F =695.73,P <0.001).There were significant gender differences on the total symptoms (t =2.08,P <0.05),somatization (t =2.78,P <0.01),depres-sion (t =3.33,P <0.001),anxiety (t =4.45,P <0.001),psychosis (t =5.73,P <0.001).There were significant education differences on the total symptoms (t =5.59,P <0.001),somatization (t =1.03,P <0.05),obsessive-com-pulsive disorder (t =7.46,P <0.001),depression (t =5.73,P <0.001),anxiety (t =7.83,P <0.001),psychosis (t =6.70,P <0.001 ).Conclusion Freshmen’s total symptoms totally show the downtrend,and there are significant differences of freshmen’s mental symptoms on grade,gender and education background.