2012年中国居民健康素养监测结果

摘要

目的：通过健康素养监测，了解我国城乡居民健康素养水平，为卫生行政部门进行健康教育与健康促进决策提供依据。方法2012年8－12月，采用分层多阶段 PPS 抽样方法，随机抽取全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）15－69岁的常住人口进行问卷调查。结果全国共调查城乡居民102985人，正确填写调查问卷的有98448人，问卷有效率95．59％。男性50913人，占51．72％，女性47535人，占48．28％，男女性别比为1．07∶1，城市人口43636人，占44．32％，农村人口54812人，占55．68％，城乡人口比为0．80∶1。经过加权调整后，中国居民健康素养水平为8．80％（95％CI：7．79－9．93），女性高于男性，城市居民高于农村居民（P ＜0．05）。基本知识和理念素养水平为18．96％，健康生活方式与行为素养水平为11．22％，基本技能素养水平为12．29％。具备6类健康问题素养的比例由高到低依次为安全与急救素养42．80％、科学健康观31．87％、健康信息素养18．16％、传染病防治素养17．53％、基本医疗素养9．56％和慢性病防治素养9．07％。结论中国居民健康素养处于较低水平，尤其是健康生活方式和行为养成率低，基本医疗素养和慢性病防治素养低，不能满足维护和促进健康的需要。%Objective To know about the level of health literacy of Chinese residents by surveillance,and provide scientific suggestions for developing health promotion and education strategy.Methods During August to December in 2012,multistage PPS sampling method was adopted in the surveillance,residents aged 15 -69 years from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in mainland China were investigated.Results 102 985 national urban and rural resi-dents were investigated.98 448 residents correctly filled out the questionnaire.The questionnaire effective rate was 95.59%.Among the eligible population,there were a total of 50 913 men accounting for 51.72% and 47 535 women accounting for 48.28%,with a proportion of 1.07 ∶1.Similarly,the urban population were 43 636 accounting for 44.32% compared to the 54 812 rural population which were accounting for 55.68%.Urban and rural population ratio was of 0.80 ∶1.The over-all level of adjusted health literacy (AHL)among the Chinese residents in 2012 was 8.80% (95%CI:7.79 -9.93).The level of AHL of female was higher than that of male.In the same way,the level of the urban residents was much higher than that of rural residents.(P <0.05).The three aspects of health literacy as basic health concept and knowledge,healthy life-style and behaviors,and health related skills were 18.96%,11.22%,12.29%.The AHL rates of 6 health issues as safe-ty and first aid,scientific attitude towards health,health information literacy,infectious diseases prevention,basic medical care,and chronic diseases prevention among the whole Chinese residents were 42.80%,31.87%,18.16%,17.53%, 9.56%,9.07%.Conclusion The level of health literacy Chinese residents is low,especially in healthy lifestyle and be-haviors,basic medical care,and chronic diseases prevention.The level of health literacy cannot meet with the need of maintaining and improving their health.