新疆生产建设兵团石河子市居民健康素养水平及其影响因素

摘要

Objective To understand the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Xinjiang production,and to provide scientific suggestions for developing health education and promotion.Methods By stratified cluster random sampling method,5000 residents aged 15-69 years old were selected from 10 communities.The data were cleaned and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software.Results The overall level of adjusted health literacy (AHL) among residents in 2016 was 14.51％.HL level of the female was higher than that of male,Han nationality higher than minority nationality,local residents higher than migrant residents.Age group aged 35-44 had the highest level of health literacy,group aged 15-24 lowest.Health literacy in college or undergraduate education group had highest level.The AHL rates in 3 health literacy related aspects as basic health concept and knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behaviors,and health related skills were 10.83％,9.54％ and 16.03％.The AHL rates of 6 health issues as scientific attitude towards health,safety and first aid,health information literacy,infectious diseases prevention,chronic diseases prevention,and basic medical care among whole residents were 48.70％,47.72％,18.26％,11.93％,7.66％ and 7.21％.Univariate analysis showed that health literacy protective factors were female (OR =1.058-1.482),older than 35 years (OR =1.640-1.959),high school or vocational or college or higher (OR =2.168-4.699).Minority (OR =0.361-0.816) were risk factors of health literacy.Conclusion The health literacy level of residents in Xinjiang Production and Construc tion need to be improved,targeted activities should be carried out to facilitate health promotion and health education.It is helpful for the residents to form healthy lifestyle and behavior.%目的 了解新疆生产建设兵团石河子市居民健康素养情况,为开展健康教育和健康促进工作提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对石河子市10个社区中心5000名15～ 69岁常住人口进行问卷调查,收集的数据运用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 新疆生产建设兵团石河子市居民健康素养具备率为14.51％,其中女性高于男性;汉族高于少数民族;本地户口居民健康素养高于外地户口居民;35 ～44岁年龄组健康素养水平最高,15～24岁最低;大专/本科文化程度健康素养水平最高.在健康素养的3个方面中,基本知识和理念素养水平为10.83％,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为9.54％,基本技能素养水平为16.03％.具备6类健康问题素养的比例由高到低依次为科学健康观48.70％、安全与急救素养47.72％、健康信息素养18.26％、传染病防治素养11.93％、慢性病防治素养7.66％和基本医疗素养7.21％.多因素Logistic回归分析显示:女性(OR=1.058 ～1.482)、年龄大于35岁(OR=1.640～ 1.959)、高中/高职/中专以上文化程度(OR=2.168 ～4.699)为健康素养水平保护因素;而少数民族(OR =0.361 ～0.816)为危险因素.结论 新疆生产建设兵团石河子市居民健康素养水平有待进一步提高,应针对男性、青少年和老年人群、低文化程度人群和少数民族制定相应干预策略及措施,从而提高总体健康素养水平.