南京市居民食盐消费情况及其与新诊断高血压的相关分析

摘要

目的 分析南京市城乡居民食盐的消费情况及其与新诊断的高血压的相关性.方法 以多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取6个城区1062户18岁及以上居民2272人,使用连续3d24h膳食回顾法和调味品称重法相结合的方法获得个人食盐的消费量同时进行体检检查获得血压.结果 南京居民平均每天摄入食盐11.0g,城市居民10.1g,低于农村居民12.7 g.有71.9％的居民食盐的消费量超过建议摄入量(6 g),其中82.1％农村居民食盐摄入量超过建议量,高于城市居民(67.9％).食盐的食物来源主要是烹调盐(74.0％),其次是酱类(10.5％)和酱油(9.0％).新诊断高血压患病率为16.5％ (330/1995).调整混杂因素,多元Logistic回归结果显示食盐消费量12～17.9 g组与＜6g组相比,患高血压的风险增加了1.739倍,差异有统计学意义(95％ CI:1.182 ～2.558,P＜0.01),同时发现其他调味品中的盐(不包含烹调盐)增多增加了高血压的患病风险(OR=1.017,95％CI:1.002～1.033,P=0.029).结论 南京市居民食盐摄入量过高,农村地区尤为突出.高的食盐摄入量是新诊断高血压的危险因素,应加强健康教育,提倡清淡少盐饮食.%Objective To describe the salt consumption of residents in Nanjing and its relationship with new diagnosed hypertension.Methods 2272 residents above 18 years old in 1062 households from 6 districts were selected by the method of multistage cluster random sampling in this survey.The dietary saltintake was worked out by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with condiments weighing method.Blood pressure was obtained by medical examination.Results The amount of salt consumption of Nanjing residents was 11.0 g per day.The daily salt intake of rural residents was 12.7 g which was higher than that of urban residents (10.1 g).71.9％ of the residents consumed salt more than 6 g per day,and 82.1％ of the rural residents and 67.9％ of urban residents consumed more than 6 g per day.The main resource of salt was from cooking (74.0％),then followed by sauce (10.5％) and soybean sauce (9.0％).The prevalence of new diagnosed hypertension was 16.5％ (330/1995).Compared to people who consumed less than 6 g salt per day,the prevalence ratio of people who consumed 12-17.9 g salt per day was 1.739 times (95 ％ CI:1.182-2.558,P ＜ 0.01) after relative confounding factors adjusted,the higher in take of salt was related to higher risk of hypertension in other condiments (OR =1.017,95％ CI:1.002-1.033,P =0.029).Conclusion The dietary salt in take of residents in Nanjing is high,especially in rural areas.High salt consumption is risk factor for new diagnosis of hypertension.Therefore,health education should be further strengthened,and advocate low-salt diets to improve public health.