南京市城区社区居民高血压现况调查及影响因素分析

摘要

目的：了解南京市社区居民高血压患病情况及其相关影响因素，为社区高血压综合管理与干预提供科学依据。方法：通过整群抽样的方法对南京市模范西路丁山社区15岁以上的居民2215人进行入户问卷调查及体格检查。结果：调查人群高血压患病率为23．0％（标化率21．2％）；不同职业、文化程度、婚姻状况人群的高血压患病率差异有统计学意义（均P值＜0．01）；有高血压家族史及相关慢性疾病史人群的高血压患病率显著增高（均P值＜0．01）；超重及肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、口味偏咸、经常失眠等人群的高血压患病率显著高于非以上特征者（均P值＜0．01）；多因素logistic回归分析显示，男性、高龄、超重及肥胖、睡眠时间过少和过多、高血压家族史、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病、脑血管病、慢性肾病可能是社区居民高血压病的危险因素。结论：南京市社区居民高血压患病率处于较高水平，人群分布及相关危险因素具有地方特征，高血压的防治应结合本地特点进行针对性的社区综合管理与干预。%Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among residents of West Mofan Road community in Nanjing , and provide scientific evidence for hypertension prevention and intervention . Methods:A cluster random sample of 2 215 community residents over 15 years old were investingated by questionnaire and medical examination . Results: The crude prevalence rate of hypertension was 23 .0%( standardized rate was 21 .2%) .The prevalence rate of hypertension differed significantly among the subjects of different groups which were classified by occupation , education degree, marital status, respectively (P<0.01). Subjects with a family history of hypertension had a higher prevalence of hypertension than those without it , and so did the people with the history of related chronic diseases ( P<0.01) .The prevalence rates of hypertension among overweight , obesity , smoking , drinking , taste salty , insomnia population were all significantly higher than those without the above-mentioned characteristics.Furthermore, the unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for hypertension in this population included male , advanced age , overweight or obesity , less or more sleep , family history , diabetes , hyperlipidaemia , coronary heart disease , cerebrovascular disease and chronic kidney disease .Conclusion: The distribution and risk factors of hypertension have local characteristics among urban community residents in Nanjing .Therefore , we should make the comprehensive intervention and management measures to prevent and control hypertension .