多系统萎缩老年患者早期临床特点分析

摘要

目的 探讨多系统萎缩(MSA)的早期的临床表现及发病特点,为早期诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析我院102例诊断“很可能”的MSA老年患者首发症状、临床特点及辅助检查等,结合文献进行复习. 结果 102例诊断为“很可能”的MSA老年患者,其中诊断为MSA-P亚型57例(55.9％),MSA-C亚型45例(44.1％).首发症状以自主神经功能障碍27例,在MSA-P亚型与MSA-C亚型中分别为15例(26.3％)和12例(26.6％),主要表现为排尿、排便障碍14例,直立性低血压11例,性功能障碍8例.首发症状以帕金森样症状49例,主要表现为步态异常24例,静止性震颤3例,肌强直16例,动作迟缓15例.首发症状以小脑症状33例,主要表现为步态、肢体共济失调27例,构音障碍6例,眼球震颤2例.首发锥体束征2例.早期发生误诊36例(35.3％). 结论 MSA早期表现多样,容易被误诊.注意临床表现和辅助检查,提高临床早期诊断的准确性.%Objective To explore the early clinical characteristics of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in the elderly,and provide the basis for early diagnosis.Methods Totally 102 cases with probable MSA in elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed to understand the beginning symptom,clinical features and assistant examination results,combined with the literature review.Results Among the 102 cases diagnosed as probable MSA (61 cases were male and 41 cases were female),57cases (55.9％) were diagnosed as parkinsonism dominant MSA (MSA-P) subtype and 45 cases (44.1％) as cerebellar dominant MSA (MSA-C)subtype.In the beginning symptom,27 cases appeared autonomic dysfunction,including 15 cases (26.3％) in MSA P subtype and 12 cases (26.6％) MSA-C subtype; 14 cases manifested as dysuresia,11 cases as orthostatic hypotension,and 8 cases as sexual dysfunction.Parkinsonism as the beginning symptom was in 49 cases,among whom 24 cases were of abnormal gait,3 cases of resting tremor,16 cases of muscle rigidity,and 15 cases of slowed movement.Cerebellar symptoms as the beginning symptom were in 33 cases,with gait and limb ataxia of 27 cases,dysarthria of 6 cases,nystagmus of 2 cases.Pyramidal tract signs as the beginning symptom were in 2 cases.There was early misdiagnosis of 36 cases (35.3％).Conclusions As wide variety of early clinical features,MSA can be easily misdiagnosed.The clinical features and assistant examination should be paid attention to improvement of the accuracy of early diagnosis.