北京市西城社区老年人焦虑抑郁随访研究

摘要

目的 探讨影响老年人焦虑、抑郁的相关因素及有效的干预方法. 方法 应用一般信息的问卷、世界卫生组织生活质量量表,纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表、社会支持评定量表、焦虑和抑郁量表对北京市西城区60～80岁2342例社区老年人进行了分层整群抽样调查,随机分为干预组1085例和对照组1257例,干预组采用健康教育、社会支持、个体心理疏导、团体心理指导和小组讨论干预方法进行干预；对照组观察其自然变化. 结果 2342例老年人中126例(5.4％)有焦虑情绪；201例(8.6％)有抑郁心境.焦虑标准分与年龄、婚姻、文化程度、职业、家庭类型、家庭关系、住房、经济收入、医疗保险、退休方式、读书、养宠物、性格、锻炼、情绪调节、生活质量总分、幸福度总分、社会支持、抑郁标准分相关.抑郁标准分与性别、婚姻、文化程度、职业、家庭类型、家庭关系、住房、经济收入、医疗保险、退休方式、读书、看戏、性格、情绪调节、饮酒、锻炼、生活质量总分、幸福度总分、社会支持、焦虑标准分相关.干预后干预组焦虑标准分(t=-10.97)、抑郁标准分(t=9.53)低于干预前的评分(P＜0.05). 结论 老年人焦虑、抑郁症状评分与其生活质量、幸福度、社会支持等因素有关.心理干预6个月后其焦虑、抑郁评分,与对照组比较明显降低.%Objective To explore the related factors of anxiety and gloomy mentality people aged 60-80 years and investigate the effectiue methods to intervention.Methods A follow-up study was proportional and carried out in Xicheng district of Beijing.Multi-phase,stratified,unequal cluster sampling was adopted to investigate old people in 2011 with WHO-QOL,Memorial University of Newfoundl and Scale of Happiness,Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale.2342 old people were randomly divided into control group and trial group.The trial group received health education,community social support,lightening the psychological stress in face to face,psychology guiding and group discussion.The control group received general observation only.Results Among 2342 old people,126 (5.3％) obtained anxiety and 201(8.6％) had gloomy mentality.The anxiety in the elderly was significantly related to age,marriment,culture,job,family type,family relationship,housing,income,medical insurance,retirement type,reading,keeping pets,character,training,feeling adjusting,life quality,subjective well-being,social support,depression (all P ＜ 0.05).The depression in the elderly was significantly related to gender,marriment,culture,job,family type,family relationship,housing,income,medical insurance,retirement type,reading,watching plays,character,feeling adjusting,drinking,training,life quality,subjective well-being,social support,anxiety (all P＜0.05).Scores of two groups had no significant difference before intervention.The change in scores of anxiety and depression in the trial group was obviously lower than in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The anxiety and gloomy mentality are common in old people aged 60-80 years in Xicheng District,which independently associated with related factors such as life quality,subjective well-being,social support and so on.After 6 months of treatment,the scores of anxiety and depression in the trial group is obviously lower than in control group.