成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断分型及处理对策

摘要

Objective To set up a standard for surgical classification of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV) and their management strategy according to the classification.Methods The clinical data of 63 CTPV cases were analyzed retrospectively,the classification and the corresponding treatment strategy were evaluated.Results According to the imaging examination,surgical treatment and long-term follow-up,CTPV was classified into four types:Type Ⅰ:cavernous transformation involving main trunk of the portal vein and intrahepatic branches.Portasystemic shunt (mesocaval and splenocaval shunt)(or plus port-azygous devascularization) were used for this type;Type Ⅱ:cavernous transformation in the main trunk and proximal SV or SMV.Portasystemic shunt (mesocaval and splenocaval shunt) or plus portazygous devascularization were applied;Type Ⅲ:cavernous transformation involving the whole portal system.Portopulmonary shunt (splenopneumopexy) or inferior mesenteric-caval shunt plus port-azygous devascularization were suggested;Type Ⅳ:any types aforementioned accompanied by biliary and /or pancreatic abnormalities.The treatment should focus on main symptoms and two-stage operation.Conclusions Doppler ultrasound and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) three dimensional (3D) reconstruction are the mainstay for the diagnosis of CTPV;Correct diagnosis,classification as well as individualized management are of great importance in the treatment of adult CTPV.%目的 建立成人门静脉海绵样变性的分型,并根据分犁制定相应的外科处理对策.方法 对63例成人门静脉海绵样变性患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结不同类型的门静脉海绵样变性的诊断和处理方法,提出不同类型的门静脉海绵样变性的分型及外科处理对策.结果 根据影像学检查和手术探查结果,将成人门静脉海绵样变性分为4型:Ⅰ型,门静脉主干海绵样变波及门静脉肝内分支,主要处理方法是门-体分流术(肠-腔和脾-腔等)或附加门-奇断流术;Ⅱ型,门静脉主干海绵体样改变,同时病变累及部分肠系膜上静脉或部分脾静脉,主要处理方法是门-体分流术(肠-腔和脾-腔等)或附加门-奇断流术;Ⅲ型,门静脉海绵样变波及整个门静脉系统,主要处理方法是门肺分流术(脾肺固定术等)、肠系膜下静脉-下腔静脉分流术或附加门-奇断流术;Ⅳ型,以上的任何类型合并了胆道和(或)胰腺的病变,主要处理方法是选择处理主要病变且对两类病变分期处理. 结论多普勒超声和多排CT三维血管重建技术是诊断本病的理想方法;正确的术前诊断、分型并结合个体化的处理对策在成人门静脉海绵样变性治疗中具有重要的意义.