中国恶性肿瘤发病与死亡的国际比较分析

摘要

目的将中国恶性肿瘤发病、死亡水平以及主要恶性肿瘤流行状况与国际进行比较，分析探讨中国恶性肿瘤的国际疾病负担。方法利用全国肿瘤登记中心获得的2012年中国肿瘤登记数据和国际癌症研究中心GLOBOCAN 2012相关数据，对比分析中国与世界恶性肿瘤的发病及死亡状况。结果中国恶性肿瘤世界标化发病率为187.8/10万，高于世界平均水平（182.0/10万），国家排序第65位，男性发病率为214.3/10万，女性发病率为163.8/10万。中国恶性肿瘤世界标化死亡率为111.3/10万，高于世界平均水平（102.4/10万），国家排序第45位，男性死亡率为145.6/10万，女性死亡率为78.9/10万。中国恶性肿瘤死亡发病比为0.62，高于世界平均水平（0.58），国家排序第83位，男性排序第89位，女性排序第58位。中国男性肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、脑与中枢神经系统肿瘤发病率高于世界平均水平，女性肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和甲状腺癌发病率高于世界平均水平；中国男性肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、脑与中枢神经系统肿瘤死亡率高于世界平均水平，女性肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、脑与中枢神经系统肿瘤死亡率高于世界平均水平。中国恶性肿瘤发病例数占世界发病例数的25.5%，肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、甲状腺癌、脑与中枢神经系统肿瘤的世界比重超过了34.0%；中国恶性肿瘤死亡例数占世界死亡例数的26.7%，肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌的世界比重超过了35.0%。结论恶性肿瘤已成为严重威胁中国居民健康和社会发展的重要公共卫生问题，应扩大肿瘤登记覆盖面，加强登记质量，提高防治能力。%Objective To analyze the international comparison of the situation of China's cancer incidence and mortality and the status of primary cancer, and to discuss the global cancer burden of China. Method Collected Chinese cancer data in 2012 obtained from National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) and global cancer data in 2012 (GLOBOCAN 2012) obtained from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), so as to compare the situation of cancer incidence and mortality between China and the world. Result The age-standardized cancer incidence rate in China by world standard population was 187.8/105 (males 214.3/105, females 163.8/105), which was higher than the world level and in the 65th ranking all over the world. The age-standardized cancer mortality rate in China by world standard population was 111.3/105 (145.6/105 in male and 78.9/105 in female), which was higher than the world level and in the 45th ranking all over the world. The mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62 was higher than the world level and in the 83rd ranking all over the world (89th in male and 58th in female). The incidence of cancer of lung, stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, brain and central nervous system among the male in China were higher than the world level, and the incidence of cancer of lung, stomach, liver, esophageal and thyroid among the female in China were higher than the world level. The mortality of cancer of lung, stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, brain and central nervous system among the male in China were higher than the world level, and the mortality of cancer of lung, stomach, liver, esophageal and brain and central nervous system among the female in China were higher than the world level. The estimates of new cancer cases in China accounted for about 25.5%of the world. New incidence cases of lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, brain and central nervous system cancer in China accounted for over 34.0%of the world. The estimates of cancer deaths in China accounted for about 26.7%of the world. The cancer deaths of lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer in China accounted for over 35.0%of the world. Conclusion In China, cancer has become a serious public health problem threating Chinese inhabitant's health and social development, and government should increase cancer registry coverage and enhance data quality, so as to improve the capacity of cancer prevention and control.