肿瘤免疫治疗标志物的研究进展

摘要

Cancer immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage cancers. Despite the remarkable success of clinical applications of immunotherapy reported in the past decade, the efficacy and adverse events of these therapies varies greatly across individual patients and among different tumour types. Biomarkers such as mismatch repair deficiency, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on the tumor, mutational landscape and mutational load, and so on have already been explored in the past few years, but those biomarkers are far from guiding precision immunotherapy. There is still a long way to go to explore the biomarkers for sancer immunotherapy.%免疫治疗为抗肿瘤治疗带来了巨大的革新,免疫检查点抑制剂为晚期肿瘤患者带来生存获益.尽管免疫治疗的疗效显著,但也面临一些挑战,如缺少预测疗效、不良反应及超进展的标志物等.错配修复缺陷、程序性死亡配体1(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)的表达、肿瘤突变负荷等是目前人们研究最多的肿瘤免疫治疗标志物,但这些标志物对临床应用的指导作用并不理想,探索肿瘤免疫治疗标志物还有很长的路要走.