小细胞肺癌生物标志物临床应用进展

摘要

小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)是一种未分化、恶性程度高、预后较差的特殊肿瘤,近年来,SCLC发病率在新发的原发性肺癌中呈上升趋势.低剂量螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(computer tomography,CT)可以筛查发现早期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC),但对SCLC的筛查效果并不理想.因为影像学手段很难发现小的、散在于肿瘤病灶上的SCLC.活检虽然可以对SCLC和NSCLC进行确诊,但并非所有的患者均可以进行活检,即使可以进行活检,很多病例也无法获取最终的恶性组织.肿瘤生物标志物检测作为对组织病理和影像学检查方法的有力补充,能为SCLC患者的鉴别诊断、疗效观察、预后评估、复发检测提供重要的参考.%Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a special kind tumor of undifferentiated, high malignancy and poor prognosis, and the proportion of SCLC in primary lung cancer trends to increase. Low dose spiral computer tomography (CT) can be used to screen for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but it's not very well for SCLC. Because it's difficult to detect small and scattered SCLC via imaging. Biopsy can be used to diagnose SCLC and NSCLC, but not all patients can undergo biopsy. Even if the biopsy can be done, many cases can't get the malignant tissue. As a useful complement to histopathology and imaging, tumor biomarkers play an important role in differential diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis and relapse monitoring of tumor.