447例感染性眼内炎病原体及药物敏感性分析

摘要

背景 感染性眼内炎是一种严重危害视功能的眼科急症,掌握感染性眼内炎的致病菌谱及其对常用抗菌药物的敏感率等信息对及时控制感染和挽救视功能具有重要意义. 目的 分析感染性眼内炎致病菌的菌谱分布及其对常用抗菌药物的敏感性和变迁,用以指导临床实践中抗菌药物的预防性使用以及早期经验性用药的合理选择. 方法 回顾2003年1月至2010年12月中山大学中山眼科中心经眼内取材培养证实的感染性眼内炎患者病历资料447例,收集感染性眼内炎的致病菌菌谱和对抗菌药物的药物敏感性试验结果等资料进行分析. 结果 眼内取材培养阳性的感染性眼内炎患者447例447眼,含混合感染22例22眼,共培养致病菌469株.在致病菌谱的构成中,革兰阳性菌所占比例最大,为51.4％；其次为真菌,占26.7％；革兰阴性菌占22.0％.从具体菌种看,表皮葡萄球菌仍然是最常见的致病菌,占29.4％,曲霉菌占7.7％,铜绿假单胞菌占5.3％.在本组资料中,外伤后眼内炎所占比例为72.7％,远远高于手术后眼内炎的10.5％和内源性眼内炎的9.8％,而角膜溃疡所致眼内炎所占比例最低,为6.9％.无论是革兰阳性菌还是革兰阴性菌,对左氧氟沙星和头孢哌酮均有较高的敏感率.对2003-2006年和2007-2010年药物敏感性试验结果进行对比,革兰阳性菌对氯霉素的药物敏感性呈增高的趋势(x2=5.398,P＜0.05)；革兰阴性菌对环丙沙星的高敏感率呈下降的趋势(x2=5.398,P＜0.05),对利福平的药物敏感性则呈增高的趋势(x2=4.500,P＜0.05).结论 革兰阳性菌是感染性眼内炎最常见的致病菌.头孢哌酮和左氧氟沙星对革兰阳性菌以及革兰阴性菌均有较好的抗菌效果,可以考虑作为感染性眼内炎早期经验性用药的首选药物之一.定期对本地区感染性眼内炎的致病菌谱和药物敏感性进行追踪,有助于指导感染性眼内炎预防和治疗中抗菌药物的合理选用.%Background Endophthalmitis is a serious,sight-threatening condition.Identifying the causative microorganisms is very important for available treatment of endophthalmitis.Objective This survey was to analyze the spectrum of organisms causing culture-proven endophthalmitis and their sensitivities to commonly antimicrobial agents.Methods Medical data of patients with culture-proven endophthalmitis at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2003 through December 2010 were respectively reviewed.The outcomes included intravitreal isolates and antibiotic sensitivities were analyzed.Results Four hundred and sixty-nine strains of organisms were isolated from 447 eyes of 447 patients with infective endophthalmitis,including 22 eyes of polymicrobial infection.In the organisms,gram-positive organisms were 241 (51.4％),fungi were 125 (26.7％) and gram-negative organisms were 103 (22.0％).The most common organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis in 29.4％,Aspergillus in 7.7％ and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.3％.In this group of infective patients,the most common clinic settings were posttraumatic endophthalmitis (72.7％),and then were postoperative endophthalmitis (10.5％),endogenous endophthalmitis (9.8％) and keratitis (6.9％).Most gram-positive organism and gram-negative organism were sensitive to levofloxacin and cefoperazone.The susceptibility rate of gram-positive organism to chloromycetin was increased in 2007-2010 years compared with 2003-2006 years (x2=5.398,P＜0.05).The susceptibility rate to ciprofloxacin of gram-negative organisms declined (x2 =5.398,P ＜ 0.05),but that to rifampicin increased in the duration of 2007-2010 compared with 2003-2006 (x2 =4.500,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Gram-positive organisms are the most commonly causative organisms of endophthalmitis.Most bacterial organisms are sensitive to levofloxacin and cefoperazone.Local data of culturing and susceptibility test offers a guideline for the treatment of infectious endophthalmitis.