胚胎干细胞诱导分化视网膜细胞的方法新进展

摘要

视网膜变性疾病是引起视力丧失的重要原因,由于这类眼病的病因不明确、发病机制复杂,目前尚无有效的治疗方法.近年来,干细胞研究领域取得了突破性进展,干细胞具有分化为机体所有细胞的潜能,可以利用胚胎干细胞(ESCs)分化出各种视网膜细胞,这为视网膜变性疾病的治疗带来了新的曙光.ESCs治疗视网膜变性疾病至关重要的一步是将ESCs分化为视网膜光感受器细胞和视网膜色素上皮(RPE)样细胞.本文对自发诱导培养法、共培养法、细胞因子诱导法、单层贴壁诱导培养法和3D诱导培养法等ESCs分化为视网膜光感受器细胞和RPE细胞方法的最新进展进行综述.%Retinal degenerative disease is the leading cause of visual loss,the mechanism is not clear and has no effective treatment method.In recent years,the field of stem cell research has made great progress.Stem cells have the potential of differentiating into all the body cells.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be used to differentiate a variety of retinal cells,which has brought a new promise for the treatment of retinal degeneration disease.However,the most important step of this treatment is how to differentiate ESCs into photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPF) cells.In this paper,we introduced the recent progress in the differentiation methods of ESCs into retinal cells,which contains spontaneous differentiation method,co-culture method,growth factors and small molecules induced method,adherent monoculture method,three dimensional differentiation method.