重视糖尿病眼部并发症的诊断和治疗

摘要

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic and chronic disease induced by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism,and hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and hypertension are main clinical characteristics.Long-term high blood glucose level causes the disorders of microvessels and macrovessels in human tissue and organ,resulting in serious complications and extremely high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of eye complications,and the incidence of diabetic eye complications is gradually increased in recent years,which is one of important problems that should not be ignored.Diabetic ocular complications include diabetic retinopathy (DR),diabetic optic neuropathy (DN),glaucoma,cataracts,diabetic ocular surface diseases,etc.So the prevention,early diagnosis and effective management for diabetic eye diseases are challenges.Ophthalmologists should pay more attention to diabetic ocular complications and keep a watchful eye on the renewal of managing guidelines of diabetic eye diseases to reduce the blinding rate and economic cost by early detection and timely treatment.%糖尿病是糖代谢紊乱导致的全身性慢性疾病,高血糖、高血脂和高血压是糖尿病患者的主要特征,长期的高血糖环境引起人体组织和器官的微血管和大血管相关并发症,是目前全球劳动力人口致残率和致死率较高的疾病之一.糖尿病已经成为发展中国家严重的公共卫生问题,而糖尿病患者眼部并发症发病风险增加,发病率也逐年升高,成为不容忽视的致盲眼病.常见的糖尿病眼部并发症包括糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)、糖尿病性视神经病变(DN)、青光眼、白内障、糖尿病眼表疾病等,治疗棘手,因此糖尿病眼部并发症的预防、早期诊断和及时治疗是眼科医师面临的主要挑战.眼科医师在临床工作中应对糖尿病患者及其眼部并发症给予足够的重视,实时跟踪国内外关于糖尿病眼部并发症诊疗指南的更新和研究现状,对相关疾病做到早期发现、合理管理和及时治疗,降低糖尿病眼部并发症的致盲率和经济负担.