Provided is a biomarker capable of specifically diagnosing diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic nephropathy-specific biomarker is miRNA which is primarily present in blood. The miRNA is miRNA-125b-5p and/or miRNA-181b-5p. Furthermore, it is possible to use this miRNA-125b-5p and/or miRNA-181b-5p as a method for diagnosing diabetic nephropathy. When making a diagnosis, diabetic nephropathy is diagnosed when miRNA-125b-5p expression in the blood increases and/or when miRNA-181b-5p expression in the blood decreases.
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